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These are in widespread use in home and hospital settings to treat a variety of disorders of ventilation or gas exchange, including obstructive sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation, periodic breathing, acute and chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, and acute respiratory failure. They are increasingly being used perioperatively to prevent or treat upper airway obstruction, hypoventilation, and periodic breathing, and they have been found to improve postoperative outcomes in the case of obstructive sleep apnea. An impediment to their use in this setting is a lack of familiarity with their application by hospital clinical staff. This review describes the modes of PAP therapy available, their indications, how therapy is initiated, how efficacy is assessed, common problems encountered with its use, and how these problems can be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T20:20:14Z","timestamp":1516134014000},"page":"479-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Perioperative Implementation of Noninvasive Positive Airway Pressure Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"David R","family":"Hillman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla R","family":"Jungquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Auckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-0991-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B2.31842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62108-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1104-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-3216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4892"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.6.1701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181675829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.6.533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.6_Pt_1.1526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/293868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Resmed. 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