{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:53:39Z","timestamp":1792601619402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) consists of benign lesions of tracheal and bronchial mucosa with multiple nodular hyperplasia of bone or cartilage protruding into the lumen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We diagnosed 73 subjects with TO with the use of bronchoscopy in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Xiangya Hospital between January 2000 and April 2017. Clinical manifestations, radiographic characteristics, bronchoscopic manifestations, histopathological findings, and treatments were analyzed retrospectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Subjects included 30 women and 43 men (mean age, 52.8 \u00b1 11.7 y). Twenty-seven subjects were diagnosed with other diseases, including tuberculosis in 11 subjects, carcinoma in 13, bronchiectasis in 2, and pulmonary hamartomas in 1 subject. The most common symptom was cough (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 34). Other initial manifestations included hemoptysis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 17), expectoration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15), and chest pain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8). Of those who underwent a computed tomography scan in our hospital, 28 of 32 subjects had noted calcification of the tracheal wall, with 4 of 32 subjects appearing normal. Bronchoscopy revealed typical accumulation of diffuse cartilaginous and osseous nodules of TO, and 9 had observable tracheal stenosis. Histopathologic results included the presence of chronic inflammation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 47), ossification (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 38), and cartilage formation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10). Most subjects received symptomatic treatment, although 3 subjects with severe airway obstruction received bronchoscopic treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated that TO lacks clinical specificity, which means that special therapy and bronchoscopy with histopathological and radiographic assistance is important for its diagnosis. The treating physicians' awareness about this condition is also important to its diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T12:05:29Z","timestamp":1536062729000},"page":"196-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200111000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562016000000143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2000.00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9113-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(97)90117-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"489","article-title":"[The diagnostic value of flexible bronchoscopy in tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica]","volume":"32","author":"Li YY","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li YY, , Hu CP, , Yang HZ, , Yang HP, , Qu SJ, , Zhou YZ. [The diagnostic value of flexible bronchoscopy in tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 2009; 32(7):489\u2013492.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003396"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica","volume":"46","author":"Barthwal MS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barthwal MS, , Chatterji RS, , Mehta A. Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci, 2004; 46(1):43\u201346.","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25305"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"9681","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: two cases and a review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Luo S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo S, , Wu L, , Zhou J, , Xu S, , Yang Q, , Li Y, et al. Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: two cases and a review of the literature. 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J Radiol Case Rep, 2013; 7(3):16\u201325.","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711380305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709123949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.4.842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.2017.0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Sun J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun J, , Xie L, , Su X, , Zhang X. Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: case report and literature review. 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