{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:04:17Z","timestamp":1790827457838,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A new holding chamber was designed to be used with the Aerogen Solo nebulizer to increase the aerosol emitted that reach the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this holding chamber with the nebulizer and determine its usability with other nebulizers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was divided into 2 parts. In the first part, aerosol emitted of 1 mL respirable solution (nominal dose of 5000 \u03bcg salbutamol), delivered by using the mesh nebulizer, Pro nebulizer, and jet nebulizer, connected to a T-piece or a holding chamber, was determined by using a breathing simulator set to provide a tidal volume of 500 mL, frequency of 15 breaths\/min, and the inspiratory-expiratory ratio of 1:1 for adults as the quiet breathing pattern. Aerodynamic particle size characterizations were determined by using a cooled cascade impactor at an inhalation flow of 15 L\/min. In the second part of the study, 12 healthy nonsmoking subjects (6 females) &gt;18 y, with an FEV1 &gt; 90% were enrolled. Inhaled aerosol of 1 mL respirable solution (5,000 \u03bcg salbutamol) was delivered through the mesh nebulizer\u2013holding chamber and an mesh nebulizer\u2013T-piece using normal tidal breathing. The subjects provided urine samples 30 min after dosing and cumulatively collected their urine for 24 h. The samples were analyzed for salbutamol content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The holding chamber significantly increased aerosol emitted by the 3 nebulizers compared with the T-piece (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01) and relatively decreased the mass median aerodynamic diameter but with no significant difference. The mesh nebulizer\u2013holding chamber resulted in significantly higher aerosol emitted compared with any other delivery method tested (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). The mesh nebulizer\u2013holding chamber resulted in higher urine samples 30 min after dosing (as an index of lung deposition) and cumulatively collected urine for 24 h (as an index of systemic absorption) compared with the nebulizer\u2013T-piece (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of the holding chamber with a jet nebulizer, Pro nebulizer, and the Solo nebulizer significantly increased the aerosol delivery. The Solo nebulizer\u2013holding chamber had the highest aerosol emitted compared with all nebulizer-adapter combinations and higher urine samples 30 min after dosing and cumulatively collected urine for 24 h compared with the nebulizer\u2013T-piece.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T08:55:17Z","timestamp":1526979317000},"page":"1125-1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of a Nebulizer Holding Chamber on Aerosol Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Rania M","family":"Sarhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Elberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Saed","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Rabea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Nabil","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed EA","family":"Abdelrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt."},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-017-0033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ejp.2014.00087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60926-9"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"30907","article-title":"Comparison of bronchodilator administration with vibrating mesh nebulizer and standard jet nebulizer in the emergency department","volume":"0735","author":"Dunne RB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dunne RB, , Shortt S. Comparison of bronchodilator administration with vibrating mesh nebulizer and standard jet nebulizer in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med, 2017; pii: S0735-6757(17)30907\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"A1755","article-title":"Performance of different types of nebulizer with spontaneous adult breathing pattern. A50 asthma: observational studies","author":"Lin HL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin HL, , Cho HS, , Wan GH, , Hsieh MJ. Performance of different types of nebulizer with spontaneous adult breathing pattern. A50 asthma: observational studies. Am Thoracic Soc, 2016; A1755.","journal-title":"Am Thoracic Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01134.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-015-0010-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450903511194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1992.tb05921.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089426802760292591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03036.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2017.1282993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2015.1116567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2008.0650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2016.1221427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp150154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-2061-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","article-title":"Evaluating upper and lower airway nebulizer-delivery of an inhaled reliever medication for bronchoconstrictive disease in the laboratory, simulating adult tidal breathing and using an anatomic oropharyngeal model","volume":"61","author":"Schloss J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schloss J, , Mitchell JP. Evaluating upper and lower airway nebulizer-delivery of an inhaled reliever medication for bronchoconstrictive disease in the laboratory, simulating adult tidal breathing and using an anatomic oropharyngeal model. Respir Care, 2016; 61(10).","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.08.147"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secondhand aerosol exposure during mechanical ventilation with and without expiratory filters: An in-vitro study","volume":"5","author":"Ari A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ari A, , Fink JB, , Pilbeam SP. Secondhand aerosol exposure during mechanical ventilation with and without expiratory filters: An in-vitro study. Indian J Respir Care, 2016; 5(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Indian J Respir Care"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.06061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.06061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:17:40Z","timestamp":1775467060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.06061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.06061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.06061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]]}}}