{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T19:54:13Z","timestamp":1785614053391,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is one of the most prominent risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Weight loss decreases the number of shorter respiratory events (&lt;40 s), whereas the number of longer events remains almost unchanged. However, it is unknown how body mass index (BMI) affects individual obstruction event severity within OSA severity categories when age, sex, smoking, daytime sleepiness, snoring, hypertension, heart failure, and sleeping posture are considered. Therefore, we investigated whether individual obstruction event severity varies with BMI within the OSA severity categories when considering the most important confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polygraphic recordings of 723 subjects without CPAP treatment and with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of \u22655 events\/hour were reanalyzed retrospectively. The effect of BMI on the severities of OSA and individual obstruction events was evaluated in general, within OSA severity categories, and between different BMI groups (ie, BMI &lt; 25; 25 \u2264 BMI &lt; 30; 30 \u2264 BMI &lt; 35; 35 \u2264 BMI &lt; 40; and BMI \u2265 40 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AHI increased in mild and severe (\u03b2 \u2265 0.10,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) OSA categories, with increasing BMI. However, the proportion of apneas from all respiratory events decreased (\u03b2 = \u22120.55,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .068) with increasing BMI in all the OSA categories. An increase in BMI led to a decrease in the median duration of individual apneas, hypopneas, and desaturations in all OSA categories, whereas desaturation depth increased statistically significantly in the severe category (\u03b2 = 0.20,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because BMI is related to the duration of individual obstruction events, its effect on OSA severity is more complex than its effect on AHI would implicate. Therefore, overall severity of OSA may not be the same for non-obese patient and obese patient who have similar AHI. Thus, these patient-specific characteristics of individual breathing cessations should be considered when estimating the severity of disease and risk of related adverse health effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T14:55:41Z","timestamp":1545404141000},"page":"77-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Increase in Body Mass Index Decreases Duration of Apneas and Hypopneas in Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Timo","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital, Sein\u00e4joki, Finland."},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Kulkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital, Sein\u00e4joki, Finland."},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esa","family":"Mervaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"T\u00f6yr\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland."},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813450802364627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.16.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-s272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1290-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/34\/9\/1013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.2.1c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420190121014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9808107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963414Z.00000000032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9645347"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"67","author":"Jokinen E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jokinen E. 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