{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:32:13Z","timestamp":1784313133019,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early identification of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) outcome predictors in patients with COPD who are experiencing acute hypercapnic respiratory failure consequent to exacerbation or pneumonia is a critical issue. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of performing diaphragmatic ultrasound for excursion, thickness, and thickening fraction in highly dyspneic subjects with COPD admitted to the emergency department for exacerbation or pneumonia, before starting NIV (T0) and after the first (T1) and second hour (T2) of treatment. Secondarily, we determined whether these variables predicted early NIV failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult subjects with COPD admitted to the emergency department for exacerbation or pneumonia requiring NIV were eligible. Right-sided diaphragmatic excursion, bilateral thickness, thickening fraction, and arterial blood gas analyses were performed at T0, T1, and T2. Feasibility was estimated by considering the number of subjects whose diaphragmatic function could be evaluated at each time point. At T2, subjects were classified in 2 subgroups according to early NIV failure, which was defined as the inability to achieve a pH \u2265 7.35; the ability to achieve pH \u2265 7.35 indicated NIV success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 22 subjects enrolled, 21 underwent complete diaphragm ultrasound evaluation (ie, right excursion and bilateral thickness at T0, T1, and T2) for a total of 63 excursion and 126 thickness assessments. At T2, 12 NIV successes and 9 NIV failures were recorded. Diaphragmatic excursion was greater in NIV successes than in NIV failures at T0 (1.92 [1.22\u20132.54] cm versus 1.00 [0.60\u20131.41] cm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02), at T1 (2.14 [1.76\u20132.77] cm versus 0.93 [0.82\u20131.27] cm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .007), and at T2 (1.99 [1.63\u20132.54] cm versus 1.20 [0.79\u20131.41] cm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .008), respectively. Diaphragmatic thickness and thickening fraction were similar in both groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our emergency department setting, diaphragm ultrasound was a feasible and reliable tool to monitor highly dyspneic acute hypercapnic respiratory failure subjects with COPD undergoing NIV. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT03314883.)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T15:55:11Z","timestamp":1566921311000},"page":"1469-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Diaphragmatic Ultrasound Assessment in Subjects With Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Admitted to the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Sguazzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Vignazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Vetrugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Navalesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Carlo","family":"Avanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Della Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Volpicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Torino, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Vaschetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02426-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2320-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.5.9903015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00143507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2010046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1094OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"186","article-title":"Acute non-invasive ventilation","volume":"74","author":"Vaschetto R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vaschetto R, , Longhini F, , Navalesi P. 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