{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:19:56Z","timestamp":1775474396417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to evaluate the acute effects of different inspiratory loads using nasal and oral interfaces on the volumes of the chest wall and its compartments, breathing pattern, and respiratory muscle activation in children with mouth-breathing syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with mouth-breathing syndrome were randomized into 2 groups, one with an inspiratory load intensity 20% of maximum inspiratory pressure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14), and the other with an inspiratory load intensity 40% of maximum inspiratory pressure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15). The chest wall volumes and electromyography of sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis, scalene, and internal intercostal muscles were used to analyze respiration against the 2 load intensities and using 2 interfaces (ie, nasal and oral).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 72 children with mouth-breathing syndrome were recruited, and 29 were evaluated in this study. The use of inspiratory load promoted improvement in the components of the breathing pattern: breathing frequency (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .039), inspiratory time (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .03), and total respiratory time (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .043); and increases in tidal volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), end-inspiratory volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), and electrical activity of scalene muscles and sternocleidomastoid muscles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) when compared to quiet breathing. The load imposed via a nasal interface versus an oral interface provided an increase in tidal volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .030), end-inspiratory volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02), and electrical activity of scalene muscles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and sternocleidomastoid muscles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of acute inspiratory loads improved the breathing pattern and increased lung volume and electrical activity of inspiratory muscles. This work brings new perspective to the investigation of using nasal interfaces during the application of inspiratory loads. The nasal interface was more effective compared to the oral interface commonly used in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T17:53:54Z","timestamp":1586282034000},"page":"1285-1294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Inspiratory Load on Chest Wall Kinematics, Breathing Pattern, and Respiratory Muscle Activity of Mouth-Breathing Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Danielle Medeiros","family":"da Fons\u00eaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Regiane","family":"Resqueti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadja","family":"Ben\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Soraya","family":"de Farias Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Fontes Silva","family":"da Cunha Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Aliverti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Servi\u00e7os Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil."},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica 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