{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:11:58Z","timestamp":1783199518342,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n A spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is commonly used to determine extubation readiness in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. However, the physiological impact of such a trial in preterm infants has not been well described. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 3-min SBT on the cardiorespiratory stability of these infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was done for infants < 37 weeks gestational age who were extubated after a successful 3-min SBT. Heart rate,\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , breathing frequency, exhaled tidal volume, and Silverman Andersen Respiratory Severity Score (SA-RSS) to assess work of breathing, before and at the end of the SBT, were recorded and compared using nonparametric paired Mann-Whitney tests. A secondary analysis was done between extubation success (ie, 72 h without the need for re-intubation) and failure groups. Differences were considered statistically significant if\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 90 SBTs were performed in 70 premature infants; 65 had a successful SBT, and 5 failed the SBT. Of the 65 infants who had a successful SBT and were extubated, 6 failed extubation (9.2%). Subjects had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) gestational age of 30 (27\u201333) weeks at birth, a birthweight of 1,240 (860\u20131,790) g, and weight at extubation of 1,790 (1,440\u20132,500) g. Cardiorespiratory stability was noted by a significant decrease in median (IQR) exhaled tidal volume (6.4 [4.9\u20138.4] mL\/kg vs 5.2 (3.8\u20136.6] mL\/kg,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), a significant increase in mean \u00b1 SD breathing frequency (45.1 \u00b1 11.4 vs 52.6 \u00b1 14.4 breaths\/min,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), and a significant median (IQR) increase in work of breathing (SA-RSS of 1 [1\u20132] vs 2 [1\u20133],\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) at the end of the SBT. Respiratory instability was more remarkable in the success group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n In preterm infants receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation, the performance of a 3-min SBT was associated with increased respiratory instability while still leading to a 10% extubation failure rate. Therefore, the routine use of SBTs to assess extubation readiness in this population is not recommended until there are clear standards and definitions, as well as good accuracy to identify failures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T15:41:04Z","timestamp":1601394064000},"page":"286-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Impact of Spontaneous Breathing Trials in Cardiorespiratory Stability of Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Adriane M","family":"Nakato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Health Technology, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora de Fc","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Health Technology, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."},{"name":"Neonatal Division, Waldemar Monastier Hospital, Campo Largo, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Division, Waldemar Monastier Hospital, Campo Largo, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina PGVC","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Percy","family":"Nohama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Health Technology, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.08.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prediction model for 7-day-old infants","volume":"83","author":"Bhering CA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhering CA, , Mochdece CC, , Moreira ME, , Rocco JR, , Sant'Anna GM. 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