{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:41:12Z","timestamp":1791250872041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noninvasive respiratory support has become more popular in the pediatric population and may prevent or replace invasive procedures, such as endotracheal intubation, in certain circumstances. The objective was to examine the frequency of invasive and noninvasive respiratory support from 2009 to 2017 in critically ill pediatric patients and to determine patient-related factors associated with invasive support using the Virtual Pediatric Systems, LLC database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an analysis of prospectively collected data on admissions with respiratory support from 17 pediatric ICUs from 2009 to 2017 reported within the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. We determined the frequency of invasive and noninvasive respiratory support over the study period by measuring the number of admissions with either invasive or noninvasive support within a given year divided by the total number of pediatric ICU admissions with respiratory support during the same year. Factors associated with invasive support were examined in univariate and multivariate regressions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 69,262 cases of respiratory support were included. There was a decrease in the rate of invasive support over the study period from 66.9% to 48.5% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value for test of trend &lt; .001) and an increase in the rate of noninvasive support from 28.7% to 57.7% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value for test of trend &lt; .001). Trauma cases and subjects &lt; 1 month old were more likely to receive invasive support. Cases occurring in later years and subjects with Black or Hispanic race were less likely to receive invasive support.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2009 to 2017, the frequency of admissions with invasive respiratory support decreased, and those with noninvasive respiratory support increased. By 2017, the frequency of noninvasive respiratory support was greater than that of invasive respiratory support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.08712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T15:50:21Z","timestamp":1620143421000},"page":"1247-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Change in Frequency of Invasive and Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Critically Ill Pediatric Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Dhimitri A","family":"Nikolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Erie, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashar","family":"Ata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Brundage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Pediatric Systems, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jestin N","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Erie, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Frisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry E","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Markovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182746736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00508-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0593-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03361.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2016.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2012.e16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328360dbdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0278-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2019.00626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315846"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"Cr229","article-title":"Protocol for rapid sequence intubation in pediatric patients \u2013 a four-year study","volume":"8","author":"Marvez-Valls E","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marvez-Valls E, , Houry D, , Ernst AA, , Weiss SJ, , Killeen J. Protocol for rapid sequence intubation in pediatric patients \u2013 a four-year study. Med Sci Monit, 2002; 8(4):Cr229-234.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181d8e303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a84a43"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws299"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"New modalities for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation: a review article","volume":"10","author":"Seyfi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seyfi S, , Amri P, , Mouodi S. New modalities for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation: a review article. Caspian J Intern Med, 2019; 10(1):1-6.","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004500"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Pediatric adverse tracheal intubation associated events following noninvasive ventilation failure","volume":"1","author":"Walsh C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walsh C, , Panisello J, , Tala J, , Nishisaki A, , Emeriaud G, , Giuliano JJr.. Pediatric adverse tracheal intubation associated events following noninvasive ventilation failure. 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