{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:27:02Z","timestamp":1790720822911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aerosol delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been increasingly used in recent years. However, the effects of different HFNC devices, nebulizer types, and placement on aerosol deposition remain largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An adult manikin with anatomically correct upper airway was used with a collection filter placed between the manikin\u2019s trachea and a breathing simulator, composed of a dual-chamber model lung driven by a critical care ventilator. Three HFNC device configurations were compared, with vibrating mesh nebulizer and small-volume nebulizer placed at the humidifier (inlet for Optiflow and outlet for Airvo 2) and proximal to the nasal cannula at gas flows of 10, 20, 40 and 60 L\/min, in quiet and distressed breathing patterns. Albuterol (2.5 mg) was nebulized for each condition (no. = 3). The drug was eluted from the collection filter and assayed with ultraviolet spectrophotometry (276 nm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At all settings, except when a nebulizer was placed proximal to the nasal cannula with the Optiflow and when the HFNC flow was set at 60 L\/min, the vibrating mesh nebulizer generated a higher inhaled dose than did the small-volume nebulizer (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). With the exception of distressed breathing at an HFNC flow of 10 L\/min, the inhaled dose with the vibrating mesh nebulizer placed at the humidifier was greater than with the vibrating mesh nebulizer placed proximal to the nasal cannula (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05), Optiflow provided a higher inhaled dose than did Airvo 2 with either AirSpiral or 900PT501 circuits with the vibrating mesh nebulizer placed at the humidifier (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During transnasal aerosol delivery, the vibrating mesh nebulizer generated a higher inhaled dose than did the small-volume nebulizer when the nebulizer was placed at the humidifier. With the vibrating mesh nebulizer placed at the humidifier and an HFNC flow &gt; 10 L\/min, the inhaled dose was higher than with the vibrating mesh nebulizer placed proximal to the nasal cannula, and the inhaled dose was higher with Optiflow than with Airvo 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T04:30:41Z","timestamp":1640233841000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Device, Nebulizer Type, and Placement on Trans-Nasal Aerosol Drug Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Care, Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Care, Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Care, Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois."},{"name":"Aerogen Pharma Corp, San Mateo, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06312-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000501564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2017.1432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0473-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11060281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03206-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.08996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2017.1366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11050225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-0293-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24274"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.09133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.09133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.09133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T06:12:17Z","timestamp":1776147137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.09133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.09133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.09133","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]}}}