{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:57:11Z","timestamp":1782223031559,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The roles of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and CPAP in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are controversial. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the application of a noninvasive respiratory support algorithm on clinical outcomes in subjects with COVID-19 and with acute respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a single-center prospective observational study of subjects with respiratory failure from COVID-19 managed with HFNC and with CPAP plus HFNC (combined therapy). The main outcome was the intubation rate, which defined failure of therapy. We also analyzed the role of the ROX index ([\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mtext mathvariant=\"bold\">S<\/mml:mtext>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:msub>\n                                  <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext mathvariant=\"bold\">pO<\/mml:mtext>\n                                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mtext mathvariant=\"bold\">2<\/mml:mtext>\n                                <\/mml:msub>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mtext mathvariant=\"bold\">F<\/mml:mtext>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:msub>\n                                  <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext mathvariant=\"bold\">IO<\/mml:mtext>\n                                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mtext mathvariant=\"bold\">2<\/mml:mtext>\n                                <\/mml:msub>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ]\/breathing frequency) to predict the need for intubation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From June to December 2020, 113 subjects with COVID-19 respiratory failure were admitted to our respiratory intermediate care unit. HFNC was applied in 65 subjects (57.52%) and combined therapy in 48 subjects (42.47%). A total of 83 subjects (73.45%) were successfully treated with noninvasive respiratory support. The intubation rate was 26.54%, and the overall mortality rate was 14.15%. The mortality rate in subjects who were intubated was 55.2%. An ROX index of 6.28 at 12 h predicted noninvasive respiratory support failure, with 97.6% sensitivity and 51.8% specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from our cohort managed in a respiratory intermediate care unit showed that combined noninvasive respiratory support was feasible, with favorable outcomes. Further prospective studies are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T08:25:33Z","timestamp":1626855933000},"page":"1831-1839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Combined Noninvasive Respiratory Support Therapies to Treat COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Colaianni-Alfonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Montiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Castro-Sayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Siroti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Laura Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Haedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Previgliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndez, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Pneumology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Mazzinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Valencia, Spain. Research Group in Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Miguel Alonso-\u00cd\u00f1igo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Valencia, Spain. Research Group in Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. Published February 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/technical-guidance\/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it. 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Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arch Bronconeumol, 2020; 56( Suppl 2):11-18.","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Analysis of the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. [Internet]. Gob.ar. Available at: https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/noticias\/analisis-de-la-evolucion-de-la-pandemia-de-covid-19-en-argentina. Accessed March 31 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02130-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Domenico SL Coen D Bergamaschi M Albertini V Ghezzi L Cazzaniga MM et al. Clinical characteristics and respiratory support of 310 COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the emergency room: a single-center retrospective study. 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