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Attempts to develop intravascular respiratory assist catheters capable of providing clinically important gas exchange have had limited success. Only one device, the IVOX catheter, was tested in human clinical trials before development was halted without FDA approval. Overcoming the technical challenges associated with providing safe and effective gas exchange within the confines of the intravascular space remains a daunting task for physicians and engineers. It requires a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of gas transport and respiratory physiology to optimize the design for a successful device. This article reviews the potential benefits of such respiratory assist catheters, considerations for device design, previous attempts at intravascular gas exchange, and the motivation for continued development efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T08:41:13Z","timestamp":1648197673000},"page":"480-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intravascular Gas Exchange: Physiology, Literature Review, and Current Efforts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Tobias L","family":"Straube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Farling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc A","family":"Deshusses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Klitzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira M","family":"Cheifetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis P","family":"Vesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00578-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"ECLS Registry Report International Summary. 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