{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:24:15Z","timestamp":1787138655312,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many patients with COVID-19 require respiratory support and close monitoring. Intermediate respiratory care units (IRCU) may be valuable to optimally and adequately implement noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) to decrease clinical failure. We aimed at describing intubation and mortality in a novel facility entirely dedicated to COVID-19 and to establish their outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, observational study performed at one hospital in Spain. We included consecutive subjects age &gt; 18 y, admitted to IRCU with COVID-19 pneumonia, and requiring NRS between December 2020\u2013September 2021. Data collected included mode and usage of NRS, laboratory findings, endotracheal intubation, and mortality at day 30. A multivariable Cox model was used to assess risk factors associated with clinical failure and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,306 subjects were included; 64.6% were male with mean age of 54.7 y. During the IRCU stay, 345 subjects clinically failed NRS (85.5% intubated; 14.5% died). Cox model showed a higher clinical failure in IRCU upon onset of symptoms and hospitalization was &lt; 10 d (hazard ratio [HR] 1.59 [95% CI 1.24\u20132.03],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and P\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        aO\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \/F\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        IO\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 100 mm Hg (HR 1.59 [95% CI 1.27\u20131.98],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). These variables were not associated with increased 30-d mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IRCU was a valuable option to manage subjects with COVID-19 requiring NRS, thus reducing ICU overload. Male sex, gas exchange, and blood chemistry at admission were associated with worse prognosis, whereas older age, gas exchange, and blood chemistry were associated with 30-d mortality. These findings may provide a basis for better understanding outcomes and to improve management of noninvasively ventilated patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1667912718000},"page":"67-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical Findings and Outcomes From Subjects With COVID-19 Pneumonia in an Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Laorden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Gholamian-Ovejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Anesthesia Department, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rafael","family":"Ter\u00e1n-Tinedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain, and Pneumology Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Complutense University, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Lorente-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Cano-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Emergency Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorcon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Ortega-Fraile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Emergency Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorcon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto-Mart\u00ednez","family":"Alejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips France; and Respiratory Physiotherapy and Methodology Research Department, Montpellier University School of Physiotherapy, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Emergency Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorcon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"De La Calle-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Anesthesia Department, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosal\u00eda","family":"Navarro-Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Anesthesia Department, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Neria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francisco de Vitoria University, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Zevallos-Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mariscal-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Suarez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Cristina","family":"Plaza-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Carballo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Anesthesia Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Gallego-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Anesthesia Department, 12 Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariara","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Alcala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aylaf","family":"Latif-Essa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Churruca-Arr\u00f3spide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Valle-Falcones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Mar\u00eda","family":"Saiz-Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Internal Medicine Department, Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Pneumology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clotilde","family":"Funes-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Anesthesia Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n University Hospital, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Vill\u00e9n-Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Francisco de Vitoria University, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Landete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit, Isabel Zendal Emergency Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Pneumology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; and Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid University, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8038460"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"S279","article-title":"COVID-19 respiratory support treatment. 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Noninvasive respiratory support in the management of acute COVID-19 pneumonia: considerations for clinical practice and priorities for research. Lancet Respir Med, 2021(21):00414-00418. 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