{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:46:44Z","timestamp":1775562404499,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aerosol barrier enclosure systems have been designed to prevent airborne contamination, but their safety has been questioned. A vacuum tent was designed with active continuous suctioning to minimize risks of aerosol dispersion. We tested its efficacy, risk of rebreathing, and usability on a bench, in healthy volunteers, and in an ergonomic clinical assessment study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First, a manikin with airway connected to a breathing simulator was placed inside the vacuum tent to generate active breathing, cough, and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      production; high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was applied in the manikin\u2019s nares. Negative pressure was applied in the vacuum tent\u2019s apex port using wall suction. Fluorescent microparticles were aerosolized in the vacuum tent for qualitative assessment. To quantify particles inside and around vacuum tent (aerosol retention), an airtight aerosol chamber with aerosolized latex microparticles was used. The vacuum tent was tested on healthy volunteers breathing with and without HFNC. Last, its usability was assessed in 5 subjects by 5 different anesthesiologists for delivery of full anesthesia, including intubation and extubation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The vacuum tent was adjusted until no leak was visualized using fluorescent particles. The efficacy in retaining microparticles was confirmed quantitatively. CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      accumulation inside the vacuum tent showed an inverse correlation with the suction flow in all conditions (normal breathing and HFNC 30 or 60 L\/min) in bench and healthy volunteers. Particle removal efficacy and safe breathing conditions (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , temperature) were reached when suctioning was at least 60 L\/min or 20 L\/min &gt; HFNC flow. Five subjects were successfully intubated and anesthetized without ergonomic difficulties and with minimal interference with workflow and an excellent overall assessment by the anesthesiologists.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The vacuum tent effectively minimized aerosol dispersion. Its continuous suction system set at a high suction flow was crucial to avoid the spread of aerosol particles and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      rebreathing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.11094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T15:10:25Z","timestamp":1711552225000},"page":"395-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Individual Barrier Enclosure Actively Removing Aerosols for Airborne Isolation: A Vacuum Tent"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Fernando N","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Masy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan J","family":"LaRue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Center of Excellence in Protective Equipment and Materials, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott E","family":"Laengert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Center of Excellence in Protective Equipment and Materials, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles F","family":"De Lannoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Center of Excellence in Protective Equipment and Materials, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antenor","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Sklar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Service, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Petrosoniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Physician and Trauma Team, St. Michael\u2019s and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Rezende-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Acute Care General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent J","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1514CP"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30164-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009637117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Letter to manufacturers of protective barrier enclosures health care providers hospital purchasing departments and distributors and any other stakeholders [Letter]. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/141415\/download. 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The vacuum assisted negative pressure isolation hood (VANISH) system: novel application of the Stryker Neptune Suction machine to create COVID-19 negative-pressure isolation environments. 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