{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:58:21Z","timestamp":1775469501643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioids are known to cause respiratory depression, aspiration, and to suppress the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between short- and long-term opioid use and the occurrence and clinical outcomes of pneumonia in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data for this population-based retrospective cohort analysis were obtained from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service. The opioid user group consisted of those prescribed opioids in 2016, while the non-user group, who did not receive opioid prescriptions that year, was selected using a 1:1 stratified random sampling method. The opioid users were categorized into short-term (1\u201389 d) and long-term (\u226590 d) users. The primary end point was pneumonia incidence from January 1, 2017\u2013December 31, 2021, with secondary end points including pneumonia-related hospitalizations and mortality rates during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 4,556,606 adults were enrolled (opioid group, 2,070,039). Opioid users had a 3% higher risk of pneumonia and an 11% higher risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization compared to non-users. Short-term users had a 3% higher risk of pneumonia, and long-term users had a 4% higher risk compared to non-users (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Additionally, short-term users had an 8% higher risk of hospital-treated pneumonia, and long-term users had a 17% higher risk compared to non-users (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both short- and long-term opioid prescriptions were associated with higher incidences of pneumonia and hospital-treated pneumonia. In addition, long-term opioid prescriptions were linked to higher mortality rates due to pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.11870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T11:05:29Z","timestamp":1719313529000},"page":"1424-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Opioid Prescription on the Occurrence and Outcome of Pneumonia: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Tak Kyu","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Ae","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00216-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3529-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.21118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06155-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.07.063"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Use of opioids and outcomes of pneumonia: results from the US nationwide in-patient sample","volume":"11","author":"Park YJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park YJ, , Yo C-H, , Hsu W-T, , Tsou EP-Y, , Wang Y-C, , Ling D-A, et al. 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