{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:38:59Z","timestamp":1791610739155,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n \n Beneficial effects of breathing at\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n < 0.21 on disease outcomes have been reported in previous preclinical and clinical studies. However, the safety and intra-hospital feasibility of breathing hypoxic gas for 5 d have not been established. In this study, we examined the physiologic effects of breathing a gas mixture with\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n as low as 0.11 in 5 healthy volunteers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n All 5 subjects completed the study, spending 5 consecutive days in a hypoxic tent, where the ambient oxygen level was lowered in a stepwise manner over 5 d, from\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.16 on the first day to\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.11 on the fifth day of the study. All the subjects returned to an environment at room air on the sixth day. The subjects'\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , heart rate, and breathing frequency were continuously recorded, along with daily blood sampling, neurologic evaluations, transthoracic echocardiography, and mental status assessments.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Breathing hypoxia concentration dependently caused profound physiologic changes, including decreased\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and increased heart rate. At\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.14, the mean\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n was 92%; at\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.13, the mean\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n was 93%; at\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.12, the mean\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n was 88%; at\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.11, the mean\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n was 85%; and, finally, at an\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of 0.21, the mean\n \n \n \n \n S<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n pO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n was 98%. These changes were accompanied by increased erythropoietin levels and reticulocyte counts in blood. All 5 subjects concluded the study with no adverse events. No subjects exhibited signs of mental status changes or pulmonary hypertension.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Results of the current physiologic study suggests that, within a hospital setting, delivering\n \n \n \n \n F<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n \n IO<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 2<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n as low as 0.11 is feasible and safe in healthy subjects, and provides the foundation for future studies in which therapeutic effects of hypoxia breathing are tested.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.11928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T11:15:53Z","timestamp":1722338153000},"page":"1400-1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Feasibility of Delivering 5-Day Normobaric Hypoxia Breathing in a Hospital Setting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Berra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle J","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarvagna","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Imber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Rezoagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binglan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Sonny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward A","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hardik","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Metabolomics Platform, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna E","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Centers, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N Stuart","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Wilderness Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumito","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vamsi K","family":"Mootha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 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