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Systemic corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators are evidence-based, initial treatments for patients with pediatric critical asthma. If clinical symptoms do not improve, then pediatric practitioners often prescribe adjunctive medications, including inhaled anticholinergics, intravenous ketamine, intravenous magnesium, intravenous short-acting \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonists, and intravenous methylxanthines (eg, aminophylline). 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