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These differences make it challenging to find a patient\u2019s exacerbation using a conventional threshold of vital signs. We developed a circadian rhythm anomaly-detection system designed for each patient, which compares each patient\u2019s past 2 weeks average respiratory rate circadian rhythm with that of the last 24 hours. Respiratory rate was measured using a piezoelectric sensor located under the mattress. Prior to the doctor\u2019s diagnosis of acute exacerbation of lobar pneumonia and heart failure, a bedridden 88-year-old female patient with multiple chronic diseases showed abnormal circadian rhythm status. However, there were no significant changes in vital signs. A circadian rhythm anomaly-detection system appears promising as a future tool to promote medical checkups for the older person.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.25.0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:38:46Z","timestamp":1751589526000},"page":"533-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4235\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary Detection of Acute Exacerbation of Lobar Pneumonia and Heart Failure Using an Anomaly-Detection System Based on a Circadian Rhythm Model Constructed from Non-contact Vital Data"],"prefix":"10.4235","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4120-4098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takemi","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2749","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24123963"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"28","volume-title":"","author":"Schriger","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"102","volume-title":"","author":"Walston","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.09.014"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3599"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24227100"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-023-01081-7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aenj.2016.12.003"},{"volume-title":"National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2 [Internet]","year":"2017","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00683.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.122.321369"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab273"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.002"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"31","volume-title":"24 Hours Heart Rate Variability in Elderly Hypertensive Patients","author":"Yoon","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/upload\/pdf\/agmr-25-0059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4235\/agmr.25.0059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/upload\/pdf\/agmr-25-0059.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T04:08:41Z","timestamp":1767067721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4235\/agmr.25.0059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4235\/agmr.25.0059","relation":{},"ISSN":["2508-4798","2508-4909"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2508-4798"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2508-4909"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}