{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:54:42Z","timestamp":1790751282044,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Korean Geriatrics Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23249035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23249035"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23790708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23790708"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund","award":["23-A31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-A31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-agmr.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Geriatr Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence on the association of smoking and drinking with sarcopenia is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between smoking levels\/alcohol consumption and sarcopenia in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Methods: This study consisted of 6,654 community-dwelling residents aged 40\u201374 years (mean age: 62.4 years, 54.8% women). At the baseline survey (2011\u20132014), demographic information, lifestyle habits (including smoking levels and alcohol consumption), physical characteristics, and medical history were obtained. Follow- up physical examinations were conducted in 2021 and 2022. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using modified the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, with low muscle mass defined as the sex-specific 20th percentile of appendicular lean mass (ALM)\/height\u00b2.Results: Sarcopenia was present in 272\/6,654 cases (4.1%). Smoking levels were associated with higher odds of the presence of sarcopenia at follow-up (adjusted p for trend=0.0367), with the \u226520-cigarettes\/ day group having a higher OR than non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17\u20133.24). Drinking levels were associated with lower odds of the presence of sarcopenia in women (adjusted p for trend=0.0013), but not in men (adjusted p for trend=0.9872). A subgroup analysis showed that smoking \u226520 cigarettes\/day was associated with higher odds of the presence of sarcopenia than non-smoking (adjusted OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.13\u20134.04) in drinkers, but not in non-drinkers (p for interaction between levels of smoking and alcohol consumption=0.0483).Conclusion: Higher smoking levels were associated with sarcopenia, particularly among individuals who smoked \u226520 cigarettes\/day, and an interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption was suggested. However, caution is warranted in interpreting causality, as this study did not assess sarcopenia at baseline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.26.0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:26:17Z","timestamp":1784687177000},"page":"379-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4235\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with the Presence of Sarcopenia at Follow-up in Community-Dwelling People Aged 40\u201374 Years"],"prefix":"10.4235","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Takumi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-9996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keiko","family":"Kabasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyo","family":"Komata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosaku","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Oshiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ribeka","family":"Takachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junta","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8618-7632","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2749","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac220"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-1059-y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.24.0131"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954422421000135"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932802"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.01.017"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04993-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2023.2300049"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-023-01081-4"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0741-8329(01)00176-8"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0715-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20180220"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2023.107788"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009946"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20150064"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.201906_28(2).0019"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101169"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"","author":"Shahid","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070809"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12732"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155533"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2025.105807"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.25-00046"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01965-6"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12786\/bn.2024.17.e23"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.s410834"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000333600"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00301.2007"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19623-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz081"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ebm.2025.10520"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12079"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.198564"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14380"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2016.1189927"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.10.006"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-0004-z"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmsa1211128"}],"container-title":["Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/upload\/pdf\/agmr-26-0074.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4235\/agmr.26.0074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/upload\/pdf\/agmr-26-0074.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:54:54Z","timestamp":1790747694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-agmr.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4235\/agmr.26.0074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4235\/agmr.26.0074","relation":{},"ISSN":["2508-4798","2508-4909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2508-4798","type":"print"},{"value":"2508-4909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}