{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:09:48Z","timestamp":1770228588879,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women require prenatal care to minimize short- and long-term complications. The mechanism by which exercise during pregnancy affects organ development and whether glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 plays a role in GDM offspring organ development remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To determine the effect of exercise during pregnancy on the cardiac, hepatic and renal development of GDM mother\u2019s offspring.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Placenta samples were collected from humans and mice. GDM mouse models were created using streptozotocin along with a GDM with exercise group. The hearts, livers and kidneys of 3- and 8-week-old offspring were collected for body composition analysis and staining. The effects of high glucose levels and hypoxia were investigated using HTR8\/SVneo. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to assess cell migration. Immunofluorescence accompanied with TUNEL and Ki67 staining was used to explore apoptosis and proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Exercise during pregnancy downregulated the GLUT1 and hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 expression in placenta from individuals with GDM. Cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia and high glucose levels also significantly decreased migration and apoptosis of HTR8\/SVneo cells. In addition, exercise reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and decreased the tubular vacuolar area in the kidneys of offspring.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>GDM affects the growth and development of organs in offspring. Exercise during pregnancy can reverse adverse effects of GDM on the development of the heart, liver, and kidney in offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i11.2203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T05:27:40Z","timestamp":1729056460000},"page":"2203-2219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of exercise during pregnancy on offspring development through ameliorating high glucose and hypoxia in gestational diabetes 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