{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:59:03Z","timestamp":1790218743061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Insulin antibodies (IAs) affect blood glucose control in patients receiving insulin therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between different hypoglycemic treatments and IAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This cross-sectional, retrospective study included 1863 patients with T2DM who were receiving exogenous insulin therapy. All patients received stable antidiabetic therapy in the last 3 months and IA levels were measured using an iodine-125 array.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1863 patients were enrolled. There were 902 (48.4%) patients who had positive IAs (IA level &gt; 5%), with a mean IA level of 11.06% (10.39%-11.72%). IA levels were positively correlated with high fasting blood glucose (odds ratio = 1.069, P  &lt; 0.001). The proportion of positive IAs was lowest in patients using glargine only (31.9%) and highest in patients using human insulin only (70.3%), P  &lt; 0.001. The IA levels in patients using sulfonylureas\/glinides (8.3%), metformin (9.6%), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (8.2%) were all lower than in patients without these drugs (all P  &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Nearly half of patients on insulin therapy have positive IA antibodies, and IA antibody levels are associated with blood glucose control. Insulin glargine and a combination of oral glucose-lowering drugs were correlated with lower IA levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i7.1489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T20:50:22Z","timestamp":1720385422000},"page":"1489-1498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between glucose-lowering drugs and circulating insulin antibodies induced by insulin therapy in patients with type 2 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