{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:52:59Z","timestamp":1790009579007,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To analyze the causal relationship between T1D and IBD using Mendelian ran-domization (MR).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms were sourced from FinnGen for T1D, IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). Inverse variance-weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median tests were used to assess exposure-outcome causality. The MR-Egger intercept was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. Co-chran\u2019s Q  and leave-one-out method were used to analyze heterogeneity and sensitivity, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Our MR analysis indicated that T1D was associated with a reduced risk of IBD [odds ratio (OR): 0.959; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.938-0.980; P  &lt; 0.001] and UC (OR: 0.960; 95%CI: 0.929-0.992; P  = 0.015), with no significant association observed in terms of CD risk (OR: 0.966; 95%CI: 0.913-1.022; P  = 0.227). The MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (P  &gt; 0.05). Cochran\u2019s Q  and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses showed that the results were not heterogeneous (P  &gt; 0.05) and were robust.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This MR analysis suggests that T1D serves as a potential protective factor against IBD and UC but is independent of CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i7.1551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:50:22Z","timestamp":1720399822000},"page":"1551-1561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Does type 1 diabetes serve as a protective factor against inflammatory bowel disease: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.4239","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ke-Ke","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Feng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419866567"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.07.006"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1103713"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2017.11.004"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000570"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.08.012"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2939921"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-023-04671-0"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00751-6"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pg.2021.108983"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2016.095"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.733433"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2017.08.010"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040944"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15643"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-020-00674-2"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200108113002"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00070"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.05.011"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02778-6"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399817666210503133747"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leeds JS, Hopper AD, Hadjivassiliou M, Tesfaye S, Sanders DS. 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