{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T07:22:53Z","timestamp":1770448973660,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Social determinants of health are social and economic factors that influence health intervention outcomes. Type 2 diabetes is a highly prevalent disease, primarily affecting individuals in low-to-middle-income countries. However, the association between social determinants and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes has not been widely studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the relationship between social determinants of health and cardiovascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study with an analytical component at a national-level referral hospital for military personnel in Bogota, Colombia. Patients treated at the diabetes clinic between September 2021 and December 2022 who met the inclusion criteria were included. A total of 583 patients participated in the study. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analyses, adjusting for confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among the 583 patients included, urban residency [odds ratio (OR) = 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-9.20] and a middle or high educational level (OR = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.14-4.72) were associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Additionally, receiving diabetes education beyond that provided by the clinic (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.14-4.05) and lack of access to spaces for physical activity (OR = 4.05, 95%CI: 1.31-12.5) were associated with a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy and cerebrovascular disease, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Programs for diabetes management should account for social determinants of health that contribute to cardiovascular complications and increased healthcare costs. Population-based studies are needed to guide targeted interventions and clarify causal relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v16.i8.106927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1755136857000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of social determinants of health and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.4239","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Oswaldo","family":"Rincon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Uscategui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mancera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ; IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition scientific committee.   IDF Diabetes Atlas [Internet]. 10th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"World Health Organization.   Social determinants of health. [cited 7 January 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2014.928270"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3188"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.297"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12521"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"United Nations Development Programme.   Human development insights. [cited 7 January 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/data-center\/country-insights#\/ranks"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"World Bank Group.   Gini index-Colombia. [cited 7 January 2024]. 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