{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:33:10Z","timestamp":1791232390207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Viral infections have been proposed as contributing triggers, supported by the disease\u2019s seasonal pattern, which typically shows higher incidence in autumn and winter. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdowns created a unique context to examine the incidence and seasonality of T1DM during a period characterized by reduced circulation of common viral infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the incidence and seasonality of T1DM before and during COVID-19 pandemic in relation to global viral infection rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This population-based retrospective study utilized a nationwide computerized database. Extracted data included the number of new T1DM cases over the 8 years preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic, demographic characteristics of affected individuals, and nationwide respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction data from weekly nasal wash sample collections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2176 patients were diagnosed with new-onset T1DM during the pre-pandemic period, compared to 348 cases during the pandemic. In the same periods, 33727 respiratory virus-positive polymerase chain reaction results from nasal wash samples were recorded pre-pandemic, compared to 2603 during the pandemic. Additionally, 363399 positive COVID-19 cases were reported during the pandemic period. Seasonality analysis revealed a higher rate of new-onset T1DM cases and a weaker seasonal pattern during the pandemic. Trend analysis showed a consistent increase in T1DM incidence prior to COVID-19, with a more variable trend observed during the pandemic. Correlation analysis between T1DM incidence and respiratory viruses demonstrated a weak correlation between T1DM incidence and a few respiratory viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The observed increase in new-onset T1DM cases and the disruption of its typical seasonal pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest a potential association between respiratory virus exposure and the development of T1DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v16.i8.108724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1755136857000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.4239","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lior","family":"Carmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Bachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit S","family":"Babiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itai","family":"Hazn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Hershkovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Loewenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Haim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Hazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1023"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.695"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0165-1"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i12.560"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2020.18"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.158"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4365-5"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02743.x"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.07.023"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"Afoke A, Ludvigsson J, Hed J, Lindblom B. 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