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A recent study discovered that Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus )  is more prevalent in the gastric mucosa of patients with GC than in that of those without GC. S. anginosus  infection can spontaneously induce chronic gastritis, mural cell atrophy, mucoid chemotaxis, and heterotrophic hyperplasia, which promote the development of precancerous lesions of GC (PLGC). S. anginosus  also disrupts the gastric barrier function, promotes the proliferation of GC cells, and inhibits apoptosis. However, S. anginosus  is underrepresented in the literature. Recent reports suggest that it may cause precancerous lesions, indicating its emerging pathogenicity. Modern novel molecular diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, genetic testing, and Ultrasensitive Chromosomal Aneuploidy Detection, can be used to gastric precancerous lesions via  microbial markers. Therefore, we present a concise summary of the relationship between S. anginosus  and PLGC. 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