{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:08:57Z","timestamp":1791227337676,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Gastrointest Endosc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Propofol has been widely used in bidirectional gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation; however, it frequently leads to cardiovascular adverse events and respiratory depression. Propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) can provide safe sedation but may require higher dosages of propofol. On the contrary, etomidate offers hemodynamic stability.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of different dose etomidate added to propofol TCI sedation during same-visit bidirectional endoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>A total of 330 patients from Fujian Provincial Hospital were randomly divided into three groups: P, 0.1EP, and 0.15EP. Patients in the P group received propofol TCI only, with an initial effect-site concentration of the propofol TCI system of 3.0 mg\/mL. Patients in the 0.1EP and 0.15EP groups received 0.1 and 0.15 mg\/kg etomidate intravenous injection, respectively, followed by propofol TCI.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Patients in the 0.15EP group had higher mean blood pressure after induction than the other groups (P group: 78 mmHg, 0.1EP group: 82 mmHg, 0.15EP group: 88 mmHg; P  &lt; 0.05). Total doses of propofol consumption significantly decreased in the 0.15EP group compared with that in the other groups (P group: 260.6 mg, 0.1EP group: 228.1 mg, 0.15EP group: 201.2 mg; P  &lt; 0.05). The induction time was longer in the P group than in the other groups (P group: 1.9 \u00b1 0.7 minutes, 0.1EP group: 1.2 \u00b1 0.4 minutes, 0.15EP group: 1.1 \u00b1 0.3 minutes; P  &lt; 0.01). The recovery time was shorter in the 0.15EP group than in the other groups (P group: 4.8 \u00b1 2.1 minutes, 0.1EP group: 4.5 \u00b1 1.6 minutes, 0.15EP group: 3.9 \u00b1 1.4 minutes; P  &lt; 0.01). The incidence of hypotension (P group: 36.4%, 0.1EP group: 29.1%, 0.15EP group: 11.8%; P  &lt; 0.01) and injection pain was lower in the 0.15EP group than in the other groups (P  &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of respiratory depression was lower in the 0.15EP group than in the P group (P  &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the satisfaction of the patient, endoscopist, and anesthesiologist was higher in the 0.15EP group than in the other groups (P  &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Our findings suggest that 0.15 mg\/kg etomidate plus propofol TCI can significantly reduce propofol consumption, which is followed by fewer cardiovascular adverse events and respiratory depression, along with higher patient, endoscopist, and anesthesiologist satisfaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v17.i2.100722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T05:55:12Z","timestamp":1739339712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of etomidate added to propofol target-controlled infusion in bidirectional endoscopy: A randomized clinical 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