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The gut-liver axis represents a key connection between the gut microbiota and the liver, and its disruption has been linked to NAFLD. Growing evidence underscores the significant role of gut microbiota in the onset and progression of NAFLD, with alterations in the gut microbiome and impaired gut barrier function. Studies have identified key microbiota signatures and metabolites linked to NAFLD, implicating oxidative stress, endotoxemia, and inflammatory pathways that further strengthen the connection between gut microbiota and NAFLD. Modulation of gut microbiota through diet and microbiota-centered therapies, such as next-generation probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, holds promise for treating NAFLD. 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