{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T03:08:05Z","timestamp":1770865685364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Hepatol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Due to immunosuppression (IS) use, patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may be at high risk for poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the associations between IS type and COVID-19 severity in AIH patients using the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C) COVID enclave.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We identified all AIH patients with COVID-19 in the N3C COVID enclave. We used adjusted logistic regressions to determine associations between IS type and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We used Cox models to determine associations between IS type and all-cause mortality in the subset of AIH patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of 15187 AIH patients, 5106 (33%) had IS exposure, and 1604 (11%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period from March 2020 through March 2025. There was an association with prednisone [odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95%CI: 0.65-0.99, P  = 0.04] exposure and SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. For interactions between different IS combinations and SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in the overall cohort, budesonide and azathioprine (OR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.44, P  = 0.04) and prednisone and tacrolimus interactions (OR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.14-3.53, P  = 0.02) showed significant associations. Within the subgroup finding of patients with full model for end stage liver disease data, budesonide and azathioprine interaction (OR: 4.44, 95%CI: 1.29-16.72, P  = 0.02) also had a significant association. In our adjusted Cox regressions and corresponding subgroup analysis, we found no specific IS type that was statistically significant in association with all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Prednisone exposure was negatively associated, and statistically significant IS interactions were positively associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Further work involves determining the impact of vaccinations and advances in COVID-19 treatment on outcomes in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v18.i2.114481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T02:36:03Z","timestamp":1770863763000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the associations between immunosuppressant use and COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.4254","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Krish","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla J","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kornak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2016.0089"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00325-8"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01333"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13172"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00769-2021"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15121"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.008"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.08.035"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1557"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa196"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.010"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16901"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7024"},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"OHDSI.   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