{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:05:38Z","timestamp":1791299138142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transmission by the oral route of <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> is controversial. Our objective was to evaluate dairy products in the transmission of Q fever. Pasteurized, unpasteurized, and thermized dairy products were tested for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> by using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction specific for IS1111 and IS30A spacers, culturing in human embryonic lung fibroblasts cells, and inoculation into BALB\/c mice. We tested 201 products and <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> was identified in 64%. Cow milk origin products were more frequently positive than goat or ewe products (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001, respectively), and industrial food was more frequently positive than artisanal food (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Food made from unpasteurized milk contained higher bacteria concentrations than food made from pasteurized milk (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). All cultures were negative and mice did not show signs of illness. Farm animals are highly infected in France but consumption of cheese and yogurt does not seem to pose a public health risk for transmission of Q fever.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T02:41:57Z","timestamp":1360032117000},"page":"765-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Coxiella burnetii DNA, But Not Viable Bacteria, in Dairy Products in France"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Carole","family":"Eldin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Angelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Renvois\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"518","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"12","author":"Maurin","year":"1999"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","first-page":"297","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"140","author":"Angelakis","year":"2010"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"90","article-title":"Q fever in dairy animals","volume":"1166","author":"Rodolakis","year":"2009"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Am Med Assoc","first-page":"301","article-title":"Q fever studies in southern California; summary of current results and a discussion of possible control measures","volume":"145","author":"Huebner","year":"1951"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"809","article-title":"The epidemiology of Q fever in Great Britain; an analysis of the findings and some conclusions","volume":"2","author":"Marmion","year":"1958"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"41","article-title":"Q fever studies in southern California; an epidemiological study of 300 cases","volume":"64","author":"Beck","year":"1949"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"35","article-title":"A cluster of Coxiella burnetii infections associated with exposure to vaccinated goats and their unpasteurized dairy products","volume":"47","author":"Fishbein","year":"1992"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"1652","article-title":"Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA on small ruminant farms during a Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands","volume":"78","author":"de Bruin","year":"2012"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"707","article-title":"Serologic analysis of a penitentiary group using raw milk from a Q fever infected herd","volume":"78","author":"Benson","year":"1963"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Arch Environ Health","first-page":"63","article-title":"Q fever in the Milwaukee area. 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Consumption of infected raw milk by human volunteers","volume":"21","author":"Krumbiegel","year":"1970"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"540","article-title":"Q fever in children in Greece","volume":"70","author":"Maltezou","year":"2004"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"413","article-title":"Goat-associated Q fever: a new disease in Newfoundland","volume":"7","author":"Hatchette","year":"2001"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"QJM","first-page":"615","article-title":"Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in blood and sera during Q fever","volume":"98","author":"Rolain","year":"2005"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e654","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in humans and ticks in rural Senegal","volume":"4","author":"Mediannikov","year":"2010"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"2","article-title":"Highly sensitive real-time PCR for specific detection and quantification of Coxiella burnetii","volume":"6","author":"Klee","year":"2006"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1823","article-title":"Diagnosis of Q fever","volume":"36","author":"Fournier","year":"1998"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2482","article-title":"Isolation of 16 strains of Coxiella burnetii from patients by using a sensitive centrifugation cell culture system and establishment of the strains in HEL cells","volume":"28","author":"Raoult","year":"1990"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"4993","article-title":"Use of shell-vial cell culture assay for isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens: 13 years of experience","volume":"43","author":"Gouriet","year":"2005"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in domestic ruminants: a critical review","volume":"149","author":"Guatteo","year":"2011"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Emerg 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