{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:22:33Z","timestamp":1785000153720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosomiasis control efforts mainly target school\u2013aged children. We studied the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in two high-risk communities in south C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, placing particular emphasis on pre-school\u2013aged children. We used a suite of diagnostic techniques, including Kato\u2013Katz, urine filtration, reagent strips, and urine circulating cathodic antigen cassettes. Risk factors for schistosomiasis were determined by focus group discussions and a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> in the two study villages among the pre-school\u2013aged children (age &lt; 6 years) was 20.9% and 25.0%, whereas several-fold higher prevalences were found in school\u2013aged children (58.7\u201368.4%) and adolescents\/adults (59.5\u201361.7%). The prevalence of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> in the three age groups was 5.9\u201317.3%, 10.9\u201318.4%, and 3.8\u201321.3%, respectively. Most participants had light-intensity infections. Mothers' occupations and older siblings play important roles in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in pre-schoolers. In the current epidemiologic settings, more attention is warranted on pre-school\u2013aged children and adolescents\/adults for successful schistosomiasis control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T05:08:13Z","timestamp":1369112893000},"page":"32-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Two High-Risk Communities of South C\u00f4te d'Ivoire with Particular Emphasis on Pre-School\u2013Aged Children"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jean T.","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves K.","family":"N'Gbesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicaise A.","family":"N'Guessan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko S.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli\u00e9zer K.","family":"N'Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Helminthol","first-page":"181","article-title":"Towards control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"79","author":"Southgate","year":"2005"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e102","article-title":"Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria","volume":"3","author":"Hotez","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"411","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"1859","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and neglected tropical diseases: towards integrated and sustainable control and a word of caution","volume":"136","author":"Utzinger","year":"2009"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"63","article-title":"Three-year prospective study of the evolution of Manson's schistosomiasis in north-east Brazil","volume":"326","author":"Sleigh","year":"1985"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Parasitol Today","first-page":"428","article-title":"Patterns in parasite epidemiology: the peak shift","volume":"14","author":"Woolhouse","year":"1998"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"227","article-title":"Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a Gambian community. 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