{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T20:51:40Z","timestamp":1763499100676},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A review of the laboratory-confirmed cases of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) from Western Australia between 2009 and 2011 was conducted to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of the disease. The nine encephalitis patients presented with altered mental state and seizures, tremor, weakness, or paralysis. All patients developed a raised C-reactive protein, whereas most developed acute liver injury, neutrophilia, and thrombocytosis. All patients with encephalitis developed cerebral peduncle involvement on early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The absence of thalamic MRI hyperintensity during the acute illness, with or without leptomeningeal enhancement, predicted a better neurological outcome, whereas those patients with widespread abnormalities involving the thalamus, midbrain, and cerebral cortex or the cerebellum had devastating neurological outcomes. MRI scans repeated months after acute illness showed destruction of the thalamus and basal ganglia, cortex, or cerebellum. These findings may help clinicians predict the neurological outcome when evaluating patients with MVE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T16:51:36Z","timestamp":1357663896000},"page":"481-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Clinical and Radiological Predictors of Outcome for Murray Valley Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Speers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Flexman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Blyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirooshan","family":"Rooban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Raby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Ramaseshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell","first-page":"33","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance and control initiatives in Australia. National Arbovirus Advisory Committee of the Communicable Diseases Network Australia","volume":"25","author":"Spencer","year":"2001"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"113","article-title":"The viruses of Australia and the risk to tourists","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2011"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"322","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis: a review of clinical features, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"196","author":"Knox","year":"2012"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"591","article-title":"Australian encephalitis in Western Australia, 1978\u20131991","volume":"158","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1993"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Aust N Z J Med","first-page":"590","article-title":"Austalian encephalitis in the Northern Territory: clinical and epidemiological features, 1987\u20131996","volume":"28","author":"Burrow","year":"1998"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell","first-page":"368","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis in Western Australia in 2000, with evidence of southerly spread","volume":"24","author":"Cordova","year":"2000"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Australian National Notifiable Diseases Case Definitions. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing","author":"Communicable Diseases Network of Australia","key":"R7"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Virol Methods","first-page":"201","article-title":"Immunodominant epitopes on the NS1 protein of MVE and KUN viruses serve as targets for a blocking ELISA to detect virus-specific antibodies in sentinel animal serum","volume":"51","author":"Hall","year":"1995"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Virol Methods","first-page":"311","article-title":"Rapid identification of flavivirus using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"41","author":"Tanaka","year":"1993"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Clin Transplant","first-page":"223","article-title":"Impact of rituximab-associated B-cell defects on West Nile virus meningoencephalitis in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"24","author":"Levi","year":"2010"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"87","article-title":"Investigation of the southern limits of Murray Valley encephalitis activity in Western Australia during the 2000 wet season","volume":"2","author":"Broom","year":"2002"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Int J Health Geogr","first-page":"8","article-title":"Application of satellite precipitation data to analyse and model arbovirus activity in the tropics","volume":"10","author":"Schuster","year":"2011"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell","first-page":"39","article-title":"Reappearance of human cases due to Murray Valley encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus in Central Australia after an absence of 26 years","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"2002"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"19","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory findings on the first imported case of Murray Valley encephalitis in Europe","volume":"37","author":"Stich","year":"2003"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"822","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2005"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Australas Radiol","first-page":"61","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis: case report and review of neuroradiological features","volume":"47","author":"Kienzle","year":"2003"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1379","article-title":"MR findings in Murray Valley encephalitis","volume":"24","author":"Einsiedel","year":"2003"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"284","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis in an adult traveler complicated by long-term flaccid paralysis: case report and review of the literature","volume":"101","author":"Douglas","year":"2007"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"591","article-title":"Australian encephalitis in Western Australia, 1978\u20131991","volume":"158","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1993"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell","first-page":"48","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis in Mt Isa, north Queensland","volume":"25","author":"Hills","year":"2001"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell","first-page":"154","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis","volume":"25","author":"Bennett","year":"2001"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"167","article-title":"Clinical investigation of hospitalized human cases of West Nile virus infection in Houston, Texas, 2002\u20132004","volume":"8","author":"Murray","year":"2008"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"55","article-title":"Clinical, radiological and neurophysiological spectrum of JEV encephalitis and other non-specific encephalitis during post-monsoon period in India","volume":"51","author":"Misra","year":"2003"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"957","article-title":"West Nile virus infection","volume":"184","author":"Zak","year":"2005"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Pathology","first-page":"49","article-title":"Early diagnosis of Murray Valley encephalitis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"32","author":"McMinn","year":"2000"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"289","article-title":"West Nile virus infection: MR imaging findings in the nervous system","volume":"26","author":"Ali","year":"2005"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Temporal lobe involvement in japanese encephalitis: problems in differential diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Handique","year":"2006"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1986","article-title":"West Nile virus meningoencephalitis: MR imaging findings","volume":"26","author":"Petropoulou","year":"2005"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"107","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis; pathological aspects","volume":"1","author":"Robertson","year":"1952"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"511","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection","volume":"290","author":"Sejvar","year":"2003"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"449","article-title":"Rehabilitation outcomes of 5 patients with severe West Nile infection: a case series","volume":"86","author":"Rao","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/3\/article-p481.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/3\/article-p481.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/3\/article-p481.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:46:51Z","timestamp":1723056411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/3\/article-p481.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0379","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]}}}