{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:48:34Z","timestamp":1789555714351,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe malaria caused by <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> is no longer considered rare. To describe its clinical features, we performed a retrospective case control study in the subregion of Luciano Castillo Colonna, Piura, Peru, an area with nearly exclusive vivax malaria transmission. Severe cases and the subset of critically ill cases were compared with a random set of uncomplicated malaria cases (1:4). Between 2008 and 2009, 6,502 malaria cases were reported, including 106 hospitalized cases, 81 of which fit the World Health Organization definition for severe malaria. Of these 81 individuals, 28 individuals were critically ill (0.4%, 95% confidence interval = 0.2\u20130.6%) with severe anemia (57%), shock (25%), lung injury (21%), acute renal failure (14%), or cerebral malaria (11%). Two potentially malaria-related deaths occurred. Compared with uncomplicated cases, individuals critically ill were older (38 versus 26 years old, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), but similar in other regards. Severe vivax malaria monoinfection with critical illness is more common than previously thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T04:32:17Z","timestamp":1398141137000},"page":"11-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Plasmodium vivax Hospitalizations in a Monoendemic Malaria Region: Severe Vivax Malaria?"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Antonio M.","family":"Quispe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwar","family":"Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salom\u00f3n","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Christian","family":"Baldeviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Edgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C. F.","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres G.","family":"Lescano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"413","article-title":"Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"379","author":"Murray","year":"2012"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e10000398","article-title":"A research agenda for malaria eradication: vaccines","volume":"8","author":"malERA Consultative Group on Vaccines","year":"2011"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"World Malaria Report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"430","article-title":"New developments in Plasmodium vivax malaria: severe disease and the rise of chloroquine resistance","volume":"22","author":"Price","year":"2009"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"303","article-title":"Malaria in selected non-Amazonian countries of Latin America","volume":"121","author":"Arevalo-Herrera","year":"2012"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr","first-page":"251","article-title":"Severe and fatal vivax malaria challenges \u2018benign tertian malaria\u2019 dogma","volume":"29","author":"Baird","year":"2009"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"13","article-title":"Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria exhibits marked inflammatory imbalance","volume":"9","author":"Andrade","year":"2010"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"132","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax malaria","volume":"11","author":"Kochar","year":"2005"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1704","article-title":"Vivax malaria: a major cause of morbidity in early infancy","volume":"48","author":"Poespoprodjo","year":"2009"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Indian Pediatr","first-page":"433","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax cerebral malaria","volume":"44","author":"Thapa","year":"2007"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Trop Doct","first-page":"168","article-title":"Benign tertian malaria\u2013a misnomer?","volume":"41","author":"Bammigatti","year":"2011"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e127","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax and mixed infections are associated with severe malaria in children: a prospective cohort study from Papua New Guinea","volume":"5","author":"Genton","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1611","article-title":"Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria, Brazilian Amazon","volume":"16","author":"Alexandre","year":"2010"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"194","article-title":"Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria: a report on serial cases from Bikaner in northwestern India","volume":"80","author":"Kochar","year":"2009"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Nat Med","first-page":"48","article-title":"Defying malaria: fathoming severe Plasmodium vivax disease","volume":"17","author":"Bassat","year":"2011"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"120","article-title":"Efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the north coast of Peru","volume":"68","author":"Marquino","year":"2003"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Epidemiological Bulletin\u2014Epidemiological Week 52: Peruvian Ministry of Health","author":"General Directorate of Epidemiology","year":"2011"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Epidemiological Bulletin\u2014Epidemiological Week 52. Lima: Peruvian Ministry of Health","author":"General Directorate of Epidemiology","year":"2005"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Situation Room\u2014Epidemiological Week 52: Peruvian Ministry of Health","author":"General Directorate of Epidemiology","year":"2010"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R20","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Severe falciparum malaria. World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Cluster","volume":"94","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Public Health Technical Guidelines for the Management of Malaria and Severe Malaria in Peru","author":"Peruvian Ministry of Health","year":"2009"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Technical Norm for the Curative Treatment of Malaria\u2014Therapeutic Schemes for the Management of Uncomplicated and Severe Malaria in Peru","author":"Peruvian Ministry of Health","year":"2005"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"National Survey of Demography and Familiy Health 2009","author":"National Institute of Statistics and Informatics","year":"2010"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"120","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax malaria presenting with severe thrombocytopenia","volume":"51","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2005"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e650","article-title":"Plasma superoxide dismutase-1 as a surrogate marker of vivax malaria severity","volume":"4","author":"Andrade","year":"2010"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Platelets","first-page":"307","article-title":"Severe thrombocytopenia with bleeding manifestations in two children secondary to Plasmodium vivax","volume":"21","author":"Bhatia","year":"2010"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Indian J Pediatr","first-page":"551","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax malaria presenting with severe thrombocytopenia, cerebral complications and hydrocephalus","volume":"76","author":"Harish","year":"2009"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"210","article-title":"Unusual presentation of Plasmodium vivax malaria with severe thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure","volume":"53","author":"Kaur","year":"2007"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Scand J Infect Dis","first-page":"255","article-title":"P. vivax malaria complicated by shock and ARDS","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2007"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Braz J Infect Dis","first-page":"263","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax malaria presenting with severe thrombocytopenia","volume":"6","author":"Makkar","year":"2002"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med","first-page":"204","article-title":"Cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in adult subjects","volume":"12","author":"Sarkar","year":"2008"},{"key":"R32","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"271","article-title":"Severe rhabdomyolysis caused by Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"83","author":"Siqueira","year":"2010"},{"key":"R33","series-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol","first-page":"758","article-title":"Childhood Plasmodium vivax malaria with severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations","volume":"31","author":"Thapa","year":"2009"},{"key":"R34","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"41","article-title":"Serious and fatal illness associated with falciparum and vivax malaria among patients admitted to hospital at West Sumba in eastern Indonesia","volume":"87","author":"Nurleila","year":"2012"},{"key":"R35","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"984","article-title":"Demographic risk factors for severe and fatal vivax and falciparum malaria among hospital admissions in northeastern Indonesian Papua","volume":"77","author":"Barcus","year":"2007"},{"key":"R36","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e128","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium vivax associated with severe and fatal malaria: a prospective study in Papua, Indonesia","volume":"5","author":"Tjitra","year":"2008"},{"key":"R37","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"49","article-title":"Anemia and thrombocytopenia in children with Plasmodium vivax malaria","volume":"52","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2006"},{"key":"R38","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"e9","article-title":"Is anemia in Plasmodium vivax malaria more frequent and severe than in Plasmodium falciparum?","volume":"119","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2006"},{"key":"R39","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"135","article-title":"The anaemia of Plasmodium vivax malaria","volume":"11","author":"Douglas","year":"2012"},{"key":"R40","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e67","article-title":"Postmortem characterization of patients with clinical diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria: to what extent does this parasite kill?","volume":"55","author":"Lacerda","year":"2012"},{"key":"R41","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"220","article-title":"The pathophysiology of vivax malaria","volume":"25","author":"Anstey","year":"2009"},{"key":"R42","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"93","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2007"},{"key":"R43","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"755","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern Venezuela","volume":"74","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2006"},{"key":"R44","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"548","article-title":"Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Peru","volume":"69","author":"Ruebush","year":"2003"},{"issue":"936067","key":"R45","series-title":"Malar Res Treat","article-title":"Failure of supervised chloroquine and primaquine regimen for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"2012","author":"Graf","year":"2012"},{"key":"R46","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e35406","article-title":"Risk factors and characterization of Plasmodium vivax-associated admissions to pediatric intensive care units in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"7","author":"Lanca","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R47","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"52","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in malaria: who cares?","volume":"106","author":"Lacerda","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/1\/article-p11.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/1\/article-p11.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/1\/article-p11.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:22:39Z","timestamp":1723065759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/1\/article-p11.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]]}}}