{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:31:17Z","timestamp":1789651877752,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Nine Mile phase II clone 4 (NMIIC4) strain of <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> is an attenuated phase II strain that has lost the genes for virulence determinant type 1 lipopolysaccharide. These bacteria were very virulent for severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The lethal dose 50 (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) was \u223c10 bacteria. Infected SCID mice died between Day 28 and Day 53 post-infection. At termination of the experiment (Day 60) only 5 of 24 mice had survived. The degree of splenomegaly was directly related to the bacterial load in the SCID mice spleens. The NMIIC4 was avirulent in immunocompetent wild mice and bacterial DNA copies in splenic tissue were extremely low. The SCID mice that were inoculated with high doses of heat inactivated NMIIC4 <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> were all alive at Day 60 and without splenomegaly. It appears that the phase I lipopolysaccharide present in virulent Nine Mile phase I but not in attenuated NMIIC4 is not the only virulence factor for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]],"date-time":"2013-08-20T00:24:18Z","timestamp":1376958258000},"page":"800-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Attenuated Nine Mile Phase II Clone 4\/RSA439 Strain of Coxiella burnetii is Highly Virulent for Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Mice"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Aminul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lockhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Stenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"281","article-title":"\u2018Q\u2019 fever, a new fever entity: clinical features, diagnosis and laboratory investigation","volume":"11","author":"Derrick","year":"1937"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Endotoxin Res","first-page":"369","article-title":"Phase variation of Coxiella burnetii strain Priscilla: influence of this phenomenon on biochemical 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