{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:53:52Z","timestamp":1788360832553,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this translational study was to show the use of molecular surveillance for polymorphisms and copy number as a monitoring tool to track the emergence and dynamics of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> drug resistance. A molecular baseline for Suriname was established in 2005, with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> chloroquine resistance transporter (<jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> multidrug resistance (<jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>) markers and copy number in 40 samples. The baseline results revealed the existence of a uniformly distributed mutated genotype corresponding with the fully mefloquine-sensitive 7G8-like genotype (Y184F, S1034C, N1042D, and D1246Y) and a fixed <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> N86 haplotype. All samples harbored the pivotal <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>K76T mutation, showing that chloroquine reintroduction should not yet be contemplated in Suriname. After 5 years, 40 samples were assessed to trace temporal changes in the status of <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms and copy number and showed minor genetic alterations in the <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene and no significant changes in copy number, thus providing scientific support for prolongation of the current drug policy in Suriname.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,9]],"date-time":"2013-07-09T01:59:27Z","timestamp":1373335167000},"page":"311-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Molecular Surveillance as Monitoring Tool for Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Suriname"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Malti R.","family":"Adhin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mergiory","family":"Labadie-Bracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Bretas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Mol Cell","first-page":"861","article-title":"Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance","volume":"6","author":"Fidock","year":"2000"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1590","article-title":"Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase and epidemiologic patterns of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine use and resistance","volume":"176","author":"Plowe","year":"1997"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"3014","article-title":"Amino acids in the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene of Plasmodium falciparum involved in cycloguanil resistance differ from those involved in pyrimethamine resistance","volume":"87","author":"Foote","year":"1990"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Mol Microbiol","first-page":"704","article-title":"Resistance mutations reveal the atovaquone-binding domain of cytochrome b in malaria parasites","volume":"33","author":"Srivastava","year":"1999"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"770","article-title":"Chloroquine-resistant malaria","volume":"184","author":"Wellems","year":"2001"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Sequence polymorphisms in pfcrt are strongly associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"183","author":"Chen","year":"2001"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"906","article-title":"Pgh1 modulates sensitivity and resistance to multiple antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"403","author":"Reed","year":"2000"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"181","article-title":"Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance","volume":"94","author":"Duraisingh","year":"2005"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"2418","article-title":"Resistance to antimalarials in Southeast Asia and genetic polymorphisms in pfmdr1","volume":"47","author":"Pickard","year":"2003"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"2180","article-title":"Are transporter genes other than the chloroquine resistance locus (pfcrt) and multidrug resistance gene (pfmdr) associated with antimalarial drug resistance?","volume":"49","author":"Anderson","year":"2005"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"2943","article-title":"The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrug-resistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand","volume":"43","author":"Price","year":"1999"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"438","article-title":"Mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and increased pfmdr1 gene copy number","volume":"364","author":"Price","year":"2004"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"528","article-title":"Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in Plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine, and artemisinin","volume":"194","author":"Sidhu","year":"2006"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"586","article-title":"pfmdr1 genotyping and in vivo mefloquine resistance on the Thai-Myanmar border","volume":"72","author":"Nelson","year":"2005"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1570","article-title":"Molecular and pharmacological determinants of the therapeutic response to artemether-lumefantrine in multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"42","author":"Price","year":"2006"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","first-page":"693","article-title":"Chloroquin-resistant tropical malaria in South Suriname","volume":"117","author":"Oostburg","year":"1973"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Reemergence of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum malaria after cessation of chloroquine use in Malawi","volume":"187","author":"Kublin","year":"2003"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"330","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum: emerging mefloquine resistance in vitro in Para State, north Brazil","volume":"95","author":"Calvosa","year":"2001"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"455","article-title":"Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"361","author":"Dondorp","year":"2009"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Census Office 7th General Population and Housing Census in Suriname","author":"ABS","year":"2005"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"16","article-title":"Simple DNA extraction method for dried blood spots and comparison of two PCR assays for diagnosis of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in Rwanda","volume":"42","author":"Fischer","year":"2004"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"257","article-title":"A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria","volume":"344","author":"Djimd\u00e9","year":"2001"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"389","article-title":"Pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from Guyana, South America","volume":"99","author":"Plummer","year":"2004"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"630","article-title":"Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum isolated from the Amazon region of Brazil: evidence for quinine resistance","volume":"58","author":"Zalis","year":"1998"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"483","article-title":"Changes in the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in Hainan, China","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"1995"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr","first-page":"63","article-title":"Declining chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon from 1992 to 1998","volume":"113","author":"Schwenke","year":"2001"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"999","article-title":"Origin and dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance mutations in South America","volume":"186","author":"Cortese","year":"2002"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"789","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Laos: chloroquine treatment outcome and predictive value of molecular markers","volume":"183","author":"Pillai","year":"2001"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"461","article-title":"Polymorphism of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance and chloroquine resistance transporter genes and in vitro susceptibility to aminoquinolines in isolates from the Peruvian amazon","volume":"70","author":"Huaman","year":"2004"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"449","article-title":"Diagnostic value of molecular markers in chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Southern Mauritania","volume":"67","author":"Jelinek","year":"2002"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"40","article-title":"Short report: polymorphisms in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Lombok, Indonesia","volume":"71","author":"Huaman","year":"2004"},{"key":"R32","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"41","article-title":"Rapid detection of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum isolates by FRET and in vivo response to chloroquine among children from Osogbo, Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Ojurongbe","year":"2007"},{"key":"R33","series-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol","first-page":"157","article-title":"Analysis of pfmdr1 and drug susceptibility in fresh isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from subsaharan Africa","volume":"74","author":"Basco","year":"1995"},{"key":"R34","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"5271","article-title":"Various pfcrt and pfmdr1 Genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum Cocirculate with P. malariae, P. ovale spp., and P. vivax in northern Angola","volume":"56","author":"Fancony","year":"2012"},{"key":"R35","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"166","article-title":"Pfmdr1 alleles and response to ultralow-dose mefloquine treatment in Gabonese patients","volume":"46","author":"Mawili-Mboumba","year":"2002"},{"key":"R36","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"320","article-title":"Genetic diversity and chloroquine selective sweeps in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"418","author":"Wootton","year":"2002"},{"key":"R37","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Intercontinental spread of pyrimethamine-resistant malaria","volume":"305","author":"Roper","year":"2004"},{"key":"R38","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"322","article-title":"Status of potential PfATP6 molecular markers for artemisinin resistance in Suriname","volume":"11","author":"Adhin","year":"2012"},{"key":"R39","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"991","article-title":"Amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine select distinct alleles of the Plasmodium falciparum mdr1 gene in Tanzanian children treated for uncomplicated malaria","volume":"51","author":"Humphreys","year":"2007"},{"key":"R40","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Selection of Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 alleles following therapy with artemether-lumefantrine in an area of Uganda where malaria is highly endemic","volume":"50","author":"Dokomajilar","year":"2006"},{"key":"R41","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"796","article-title":"Increased pfmdr1 copy number in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Suriname","volume":"18","author":"Labadie-Bracho","year":"2013"},{"key":"R42","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"10","article-title":"Failure of artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in southern Cambodia","volume":"8","author":"Rogers","year":"2009"},{"key":"R43","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"5408","article-title":"Increased pfmdr1 copy number and sequence polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Sudanese malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine","volume":"55","author":"Gadalla","year":"2011"},{"key":"R44","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"888","article-title":"Selection of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 alleles in asexual stages and gametocytes by artemether-lumefantrine in Nigerian children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria","volume":"53","author":"Happi","year":"2009"},{"key":"R45","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1014","article-title":"In vivo selection of Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 86N coding alleles by artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem)","volume":"191","author":"Sisowath","year":"2005"},{"key":"R46","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Coartem (artemether-lumefantrine) in Africa: the beginning of the end?","volume":"192","author":"Hastings","year":"2005"},{"key":"R47","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"2886","article-title":"Exploring the contribution of candidate genes to artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"54","author":"Imwong","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/2\/article-p311.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/2\/article-p311.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/2\/article-p311.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:27:05Z","timestamp":1723055225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/2\/article-p311.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]}}}