{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:27:13Z","timestamp":1789990033735,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    accounts for an increasing fraction of malaria infections in Thailand and Cambodia. We compared\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    genetic complexity and antimalarial resistance patterns in the two countries. Use of a heteroduplex tracking assay targeting the merozoite surface protein 1 gene revealed that vivax infections in both countries are frequently polyclonal (84%), with parasites that are highly diverse (\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.86) but closely related (\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>ST<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.18). Following a history of different drug policies in Thailand and Cambodia, distinct patterns of antimalarial resistance have emerged: most Cambodian isolates harbor the\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    multidrug resistance gene 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>pvmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) 976F mutation associated with chloroquine resistance (89% versus 8%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), whereas Thai isolates more often display increased\n                    <jats:italic>pvmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    copy number (39% versus 4%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Finally, genotyping of paired isolates from individuals suspected of suffering relapse supports a complex scheme of relapse whereby recurrence of multiple identical variants is sometimes accompanied by the appearance of novel variants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T03:15:38Z","timestamp":1363662938000},"page":"1116-1123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Cambodia and Thailand Show High Genetic Complexity and Distinct Patterns of P. vivax Multidrug Resistance Gene 1 (pvmdr1) Polymorphisms"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jessica T.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaymin C.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Kharabora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jetsumon","family":"Sattabongkot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinuon","family":"Muth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratawan","family":"Ubalee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chansuda","family":"Wongsrichanalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Juliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"256","article-title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in Thailand","volume":"72","author":"Zhou","year":"2005"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"333","article-title":"The co-existence of Plasmodium: sidelights from falciparum and vivax malaria in Thailand","volume":"20","author":"Snounou","year":"2004"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"261","article-title":"Characteristics and malaria prevalence 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