{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:02:15Z","timestamp":1789128135074,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Opportunistic diseases cause substantial morbidity and mortality to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) leading to immune reconstitution is the most effective treatment of preventing opportunistic diseases. This retrospective study established an epidemiologic profile of opportunistic diseases 10 years after the introduction of HAART. The HIV antiretroviral therapy-naive patients matching inclusion criteria were included. The primary outcome was the prevalence of opportunistic diseases. From January 1, 2002 to September 30, 2010, 654 opportunistic diseases were identified in 458 patients. Pulmonary tuberculosis, herpes zoster, cerebral toxoplasmosis, oral candidiasis, and severe pneumonia accounted for 22.05%, 15.94%, 14.19%, 14.19%, and 9.39%, respectively. Cryptococcal meningitis and pneumocystosis accounted for 0.44% and 0.21%, respectively. The prevalence of opportunistic diseases in Gabon remains high. New guidelines emphasize the importance of initiating antiretroviral therapy early to reconstitute the immune system, and reduce disease risk, and treat the primary opportunistic infection of pulmonary tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T04:51:24Z","timestamp":1386651084000},"page":"211-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Opportunistic Diseases in HIV-Infected Patients in Gabon following the Administration of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Okome-Nkoumou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Guiyedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magloire","family":"Ondounda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Efire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Clevenbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille","family":"Dibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Dzeing-Ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2010","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2010"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e5575","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression\/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial","volume":"4","author":"Zolopa","year":"2009"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Sante","first-page":"329","article-title":"Spectrum of opportunistic infections in subjects infected with HIV at Libreville, Gabon","volume":"10","author":"Okome-Nkoumou","year":"2000"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Med Trop","first-page":"167","article-title":"Opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected patients at the Jeanne Ebori Foundation in Libreville, Gabon","volume":"66","author":"Okome-Nkoumou","year":"2006"},{"key":"R5","article-title":"Epi Info","author":"CDC"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"1009","article-title":"The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic","volume":"163","author":"Corbett","year":"2003"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Louv Med","first-page":"12","article-title":"Prevalence des infections opportunistes au cours du SIDA en milieu hospitalier de Bamako, Mali","volume":"127","author":"Oumar","year":"2008"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"963","article-title":"Epidemics of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and S. enterica serovar typhimurium infection associated with multidrug resistance among adults and children in Malawi","volume":"46","author":"Gordon","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"2119","article-title":"HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"21","author":"Jarvis","year":"2007"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3204","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence for dormant Cryptococcus neoformans infection","volume":"37","author":"Garcia-Hermoso","year":"1999"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Profound immunosuppression across the spectrum of opportunistic disease among hospitalized HIV-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire","volume":"11","author":"Grant","year":"1997"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"652","article-title":"Changing patterns of Kaposi's sarcoma in Danish acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with complete follow-up. 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