{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T18:35:30Z","timestamp":1774118130443,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A cross-sectional, community-based study was performed in 2012 with 428 residents of periurban shantytowns in Lima, Peru to study risk factors for and changes in latent tuberculosis infection in age-stratified groups compared with our data from the same region in 1990 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 219) and 2005 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 103). Tuberculin skin test positivity in these communities was highly prevalent at 52% overall, increased with age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and was similar to 2005 (53%) and 1990 (48%). From 1990 to 2012, the prevalence of tuberculin positivity decreased in 5\u201314 and 15\u201324 year old groups (to 17% and 34%, respectively, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, this may be explained by cessation of Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin revaccination during this period, because Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin revaccination doubled tuberculin positivity. Over the same 22-year period, tuberculin positivity in the \u2265 25 year old group remained high (71%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.3), suggesting that prevalent latent tuberculosis infection persists in the adult population despite improving medical care and socioeconomic development in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T04:16:59Z","timestamp":1374553019000},"page":"507-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Arman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Haveman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlton A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom 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