{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:27:11Z","timestamp":1773264431299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) causes sporadic outbreaks of human encephalitis in Phoenix, Arizona. To identify amplifying hosts of WNV in the Phoenix area, we blood-sampled resident birds and measured antibody prevalence following an outbreak in the East Valley of metropolitan Phoenix during summer, 2010. House sparrow (<jats:italic>Passer domesticus<\/jats:italic>), house finch (<jats:italic>Haemorhous mexicanus<\/jats:italic>), great-tailed grackle (<jats:italic>Quiscalus mexicanus<\/jats:italic>), and mourning dove (<jats:italic>Zenaida macroura<\/jats:italic>) accounted for most WNV infections among locally resident birds. These species roost communally after early summer breeding. In September 2010, <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic> vector-avian host contact was 3-fold greater at communal bird roosts compared with control sites, as determined by densities of resting mosquitoes with previous vertebrate contact (i.e., blood-engorged or gravid mosquitoes). Because of the low competence of mourning doves, these were considered weak amplifiers but potentially effective free-ranging sentinels. Highly competent sparrows, finches, and grackles were predicted to be key amplifying hosts for WNV in suburban Phoenix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T04:56:02Z","timestamp":1373950562000},"page":"474-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Avian Hosts of West Nile Virus in Arizona"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Komar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Panella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginger R.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron C.","family":"Brault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig 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