{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:36:25Z","timestamp":1783654585341,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are no published data on the economic burden for specific West Nile virus (WNV) clinical syndromes (i.e., fever, meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis [AFP]). We estimated initial hospital and lost-productivity costs from 80 patients hospitalized with WNV disease in Colorado during 2003; 38 of these patients were followed for 5 years to determine long-term medical and lost-productivity costs. Initial costs were highest for patients with AFP (median $25,117; range $5,385\u2013$283,381) and encephalitis (median $20,105; range $3,965\u2013$324,167). Long-term costs were highest for patients with AFP (median $22,628; range $624\u2013$439,945) and meningitis (median $10,556; range $0\u2013$260,748). Extrapolating from this small cohort to national surveillance data, we estimated the total cumulative costs of reported WNV hospitalized cases from 1999 through 2012 to be $778 million (95% confidence interval $673 million\u2013$1.01 billion). These estimates can be used in assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent WNV disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,11]],"date-time":"2014-02-11T01:41:38Z","timestamp":1392082898000},"page":"402-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Initial and Long-Term Costs of Patients Hospitalized with West Nile Virus Disease"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"J. Erin","family":"Staples","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjunath B.","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Sejvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin I.","family":"Meltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for human West Nile virus disease - United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"59","author":"Lindsey","year":"2010"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1807","article-title":"The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999","volume":"344","author":"Nash","year":"2001"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"519","article-title":"West Nile virus","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"2002"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"360","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile fever","volume":"141","author":"Watson","year":"2004"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Rev Med Virol","first-page":"209","article-title":"Manifestations of West Nile neuroinvasive disease","volume":"16","author":"Sejvar","year":"2006"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Klee","year":"2004"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Demographic and clinical factors associated with persistent symptoms after West Nile virus infection","volume":"83","author":"Cook","year":"2010"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"723","article-title":"Long-term clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of West Nile virus infection","volume":"43","author":"Carson","year":"2006"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1617","article-title":"The long-term outcomes of human West Nile virus infection","volume":"44","author":"Sejvar","year":"2007"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"769","article-title":"West Nile virus activity - 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