{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:06:15Z","timestamp":1792735575818,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to assess the impact of a school-based water treatment, hygiene, and sanitation program on reducing infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) after school-based deworming. We assessed infection with STHs at baseline and then at two follow-up rounds 8 and 10 months after deworming. Forty government primary schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya were randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control arms. The intervention reduced reinfection prevalence (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31\u20131.00) and egg count (rate ratio [RR] 0.34, CI 0.15\u20130.75) of\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found no evidence of significant intervention effects on the overall prevalence and intensity of\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>\n                    , hookworm, or\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    reinfection. Provision of school-based sanitation, water quality, and hygiene improvements may reduce reinfection of STHs after school-based deworming, but the magnitude of the effects may be sex- and helminth species-specific.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]],"date-time":"2013-09-09T22:37:47Z","timestamp":1378766267000},"page":"875-883","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["The Impact of a School-Based Hygiene, Water Quality and Sanitation Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Brooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Akoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Rheingans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"397","article-title":"How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?","volume":"85","author":"Crompton","year":"1999"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Helminth Infections: Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries","first-page":"467","author":"Hotez","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomized trials","volume":"320","author":"Dickson","year":"2000"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"261","article-title":"Periodic deworming with albendazole and its impact on growth status and diarrhoeal incidence among children in an urban slum of India","volume":"99","author":"Sur","year":"2005"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R5","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD000371","article-title":"Deworming drugs for treating soil-transmitted intestinal worms in children: effects on growth and school performance","author":"Taylor-Robinson","year":"2007"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Effect of administration of intestinal anthelmintic drugs on hemoglobin: systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"334","author":"Gulani","year":"2007"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"776","article-title":"Impact of hookworm infection and deworming on anemia in non-pregnant populations: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2010"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"299","author":"Keiser","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Econometrica","first-page":"159","article-title":"Worms: identifying impacts on education and health in the presence of treatment externalities","volume":"72","author":"Miguel","year":"2004"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"115","article-title":"Control of geohelminths by delivery of targeted chemotherapy through 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