{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1791291838850,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rodents are well-recognized reservoirs of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, contributing to its maintenance in endemic areas and playing a role in the public health risk associated with the infection. This study sought to provide some insights into rodent populations from Chile and their <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> carriage. In total, 393 rodents were trapped in 177 households. Higher rodent counts were associated with year 2 of the study, rainfall, and number of rodent signs. There was an inverse correlation with the number of cats. The number of rodents was higher in villages compared with slums (rate ratio = 3.23) but modified by average household age. Eighty rodents (20.4%) tested positive for <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>: 19.7% on the farms, 25.9% in villages, and 12.3% in the slums. Prevalence was 22.5% in <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>, 20.7% in <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>, 21.1% in wild rodents, and 10.3% in <jats:italic>R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>. Seasonal and temporal effects were the major determinants of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> infection in rodent populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T03:35:52Z","timestamp":1390275352000},"page":"497-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Household Characteristics Associated with Rodent Presence and Leptospira Infection in Rural and Urban Communities from Southern Chile"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Zanzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Encina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R1","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Estimating the burden of human leptospirosis","volume":"36","author":"Abela-Ridder","year":"2010"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"494","article-title":"Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world","volume":"17","author":"Hartskeerl","year":"2011"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Microbes Infect","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Overview of the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis of Leptospira spp. in humans","volume":"2","author":"Plank","year":"2000"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Br J Ind Med","first-page":"721","article-title":"Leptospirosis as an occupational disease","volume":"43","author":"Watkins","year":"1986"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"296","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Ecologically-Based Rodent Management","first-page":"460","article-title":"Rodent pest management in East Africa\u2014an ecological approach","author":"Makundi","year":"1999"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"359","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to humans in rural housing","volume":"56","author":"Glass","year":"1997"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"BMC Ecol","first-page":"18","article-title":"Predictors for presence and abundance of small mammals in households of villages endemic for commensal rodent plague in Yunnan province, China","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"169","article-title":"Poor housing quality increases risk of rodent infestation and Lassa fever in refugee camps of Sierra Leone","volume":"77","author":"Bonner","year":"2007"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health","volume":"35","author":"Meerburg","year":"2009"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"113","article-title":"The distribution of leptospirosis in Latin America","volume":"23","author":"Alexander","year":"1960"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Rev Chil Pediatr","first-page":"405","article-title":"Brote epid\u00e9mico de leptospirosis en ni\u00f1os de Linares","volume":"74","author":"Arias","year":"2003"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol","first-page":"648","article-title":"Evolucion de la leptospirosis segun el Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiologica Nacional, Chile 2003\u20132009","volume":"29","author":"Martinez","year":"2012"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Rev Med Chil","first-page":"247","article-title":"Serological survey of human leptospirosis in a high risk population in Chile","volume":"118","author":"Zamora","year":"1990"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Rev Latinoam Microbiol","first-page":"73","article-title":"A serological survey of leptospirosis in sheep in Chile","volume":"41","author":"Zamora","year":"1999"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Arch Med Vet","first-page":"269","article-title":"Frequency of canine leptospirosis in dogs attending veterinary practices determined through microscopic agglutination and comparison with isolation and immunofluorescence techniques","volume":"39","author":"Silva","year":"2007"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Arch Med Vet","first-page":"151","article-title":"Wild animals as reservoirs of leptospirosis in Chile. 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