{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:14:31Z","timestamp":1790172871940,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), artesunate-amodiaquine is first-line therapy for falciparum malaria; little is known about the prevalence of molecular markers of parasite drug resistance. Across the DRC, we genotyped 166 parasites in <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> chloroquine resistance transporter (<jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Of these parasites, 73 (44%) parasites were pure wild-type CVMNK, 55 (31%) parasites were chloroquine-resistant CV<jats:bold><jats:underline>IET<\/jats:underline><\/jats:bold>, 35 (21.1%) parasites were mixed CVMNK and CV<jats:bold><jats:underline>IET<\/jats:underline><\/jats:bold>, and 3 parasites were other genotypes. Ninety-two infections (55.4%) harbored the <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> K76<jats:bold><jats:underline>T<\/jats:underline><\/jats:bold> substitution that is highly correlated with chloroquine failure. The amodiaquine-resistant <jats:bold><jats:underline>S<\/jats:underline><\/jats:bold>VMN<jats:bold><jats:underline>T<\/jats:underline><\/jats:bold> haplotype was absent. Geographically, <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> haplotypes were not clearly clustered. Chloroquine accounted for 19.4% of antimalarial use, and amodiaquine accounted for 15.3% of antimalarial use; there were no associations between drug use and mutant haplotype prevalence. In the DRC, our molecular survey indicates that resistance to chloroquine is substantial but that resistance to amodiaquine is absent. These contrasting findings highlight the need for molecular surveillance of drug resistance to inform malaria control policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T04:20:10Z","timestamp":1397535610000},"page":"1094-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Survey of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt Mutant Haplotypes in the Democratic Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Alejandro L.","family":"Antonia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Janko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Emch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette K.","family":"Tshefu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Meshnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Science","first-page":"210","article-title":"Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations","volume":"298","author":"Sidhu","year":"2002"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"89","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 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Chemother","first-page":"3714","article-title":"Amodiaquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Afghanistan is associated with the pfcrt SVMNT allele at codons 72 to 76","volume":"54","author":"Beshir","year":"2010"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"374","article-title":"Protecting the malaria drug arsenal: halting the rise and spread of amodiaquine resistance by monitoring the PfCRT SVMNT type","volume":"9","author":"Sa","year":"2010"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Infect Genet Evol","first-page":"262","article-title":"Prevalence of pfcrt point mutations and level of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Africa","volume":"6","author":"Severini","year":"2006"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e16420","article-title":"Molecular malaria epidemiology: mapping and burden estimates for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"2011"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Emerg Infect 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