{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:53:07Z","timestamp":1761663187299},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis and scrub typhus are major causes of acute febrile illness in rural Asia, where co-infection is reported to occur based on serologic evidence. We re-examined whether co-infection occurs by using a molecular approach. A duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed that targeted a specific 16S ribosomal RNA gene of pathogenic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>. Of 82 patients with an acute febrile illness who had dual infection on the basis of serologic tests, 5 (6%) had polymerase chain reaction results positive for both pathogens. We conclude that dual infection occurs, but that serologic tests may overestimate the frequency of co-infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]],"date-time":"2013-09-04T02:10:21Z","timestamp":1378260621000},"page":"797-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Molecular Confirmation of Co-Infection by Pathogenic Leptospira spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Piengchan","family":"Sonthayanon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wirongrong","family":"Chierakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanaporn","family":"Wuthiekanun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Direk","family":"Limmathurotsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Premjit","family":"Amornchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee D.","family":"Smythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"464","article-title":"Etiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Thailand","volume":"87","author":"Leelarasamee","year":"2004"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"363","article-title":"Causes of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in rural Thailand: results of a prospective observational study","volume":"100","author":"Suttinont","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"89","article-title":"Possible scrub typhus coinfections in Thai agricultural workers hospitalized with leptospirosis","volume":"68","author":"Watt","year":"2003"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"525","article-title":"Coinfection with leptospirosis and scrub typhus in Taiwanese patients","volume":"77","author":"Lee","year":"2007"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Formos Med Assoc","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Successful treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage associated with leptospirosis and scrub typhus coinfection by early plasma exchange","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2007"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Trop Doct","first-page":"176","article-title":"Scrub typhus and leptospirosis co-infection in Himalayan region","volume":"42","author":"Mahajan","year":"2012"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e16236","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of real-time PCR assays targeting 16S rRNA and lipL32 genes for human leptospirosis in Thailand: a case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Thaipadunpanit","year":"2011"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"430","article-title":"Association of high Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA loads with disease of greater severity in adults with scrub typhus","volume":"47","author":"Sonthayanon","year":"2009"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus in rural Thailand using polymerase chain reaction","volume":"75","author":"Sonthayanon","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/4\/article-p797.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/4\/article-p797.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/4\/article-p797.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:19:56Z","timestamp":1723054796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/89\/4\/article-p797.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]}}}