{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:53:55Z","timestamp":1784919235065,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemiologic studies of co-infection with tuberculosis (TB) and intestinal parasites in humans have not been extensively investigated in China. A cross-section study was conducted in a rural county of Henan Province, China. Pulmonary TB (PTB) case-patients receiving treatment for infection with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and healthy controls matched for geographic area, age, and sex were surveyed by using questionnaires. Fecal and blood specimens were collected for detection of intestinal parasites, routine blood examination, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors. A total of 369 persons with PTB and 366 healthy controls were included; all participants were negative for human immunodeficiency virus. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in persons with PTB was 14.9%, including intestinal protozoa (7.9%) and helminthes (7.6%). The infection spectrum of intestinal parasites was <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. (1.4%), <jats:italic>Blastocystis hominis<\/jats:italic> (6.2%), <jats:italic>Trichomonas hominis<\/jats:italic> (0.3%), <jats:italic>Clonorchis sinensis<\/jats:italic> (0.3%), <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> (0.5%), <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> (2.2%), and hookworm (4.6%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites showed no significant difference between persons with PTB and healthy controls after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was no factor that affected infection rates for intestinal parasites between the two groups. Infection with intestinal parasites of persons with PTB was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01\u20134.17), body mass index \u2264 19 (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.47\u20136.20), and anemia (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.17\u20135.03). Infection of healthy controls was only associated with an annual labor time in farmlands &gt; 2 months (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI = 2.03\u201310.00). In addition, there was no significant trend between rates of infection with intestinal parasites and duration of receiving treatment for infection with <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> in persons with PTB. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was not higher in persons with PTB, and there was no evidence that PTB increased susceptibility to intestinal parasites in this study. However, for patients with PTB, women and patients with comorbidities were more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T00:15:45Z","timestamp":1383005745000},"page":"106-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Intestinal Parasite Co-infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Rural County in China"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Xin-Xu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Guang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang-Pin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Guang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Mei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiu-Ye","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bian-Li","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Scand J Infect Dis","first-page":"460","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in adults admitted to a rural Ethiopian hospital: relationship to tuberculosis and malaria","volume":"38","author":"Manuel Ramos","year":"2006"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e42901","article-title":"The impact of asymptomatic helminth co-infection in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in north-west Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Abate","year":"2012"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO Report 2011","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Report on the Fifth National Tuberculosis Epidemiological Survey in China, 2010","author":"Disease Control Bureau of the Ministry of Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"36","article-title":"Co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites in rural area of China","volume":"5","author":"Tian","year":"2012"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Infect Dis Poverty","first-page":"18","article-title":"HIV and intestinal parasite co-infections among a Chinese population: an immunological profile","volume":"2","author":"Tian","year":"2013"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"513","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in rural south-west China: prevalence, intensity and risk factor analysis","volume":"42","author":"Mofid","year":"2011"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol","first-page":"159","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections in a rural district of west China","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2003"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","first-page":"45","article-title":"Intestinal helminth co-infection has a negative impact on both anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity and clinical response to tuberculosis therapy","volume":"147","author":"Resende Co","year":"2007"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Probl Tuberk","first-page":"41","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the lungs complicated by opisthorchiasis under conditions of the extreme north, 1989. 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