{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:29:29Z","timestamp":1784194169857,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protective immunity to cholera is serogroup specific, and serogrouping is defined by the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We characterized OSP-specific immune responses in adult recipients of an oral killed cholera vaccine (OCV WC-rBS) and compared these with responses in patients with cholera caused by <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1 Ogawa. Although vaccinees developed plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA antibody and antibody secreting cell (ASC, marker of mucosal response) to Ogawa OSP and LPS 7 days after vaccination, responses were significantly lower than that which occurred after cholera. Similarly, patients recovering from cholera had detectable IgA, IgM, and IgG memory B cell (MBC) responses against OSP and LPS on Day 30 and Day 90, whereas vaccinees only developed IgG responses to OSP 30 days after the second immunization. The markedly lower ASC and MBC responses to OSP and LPS observed among vaccinees might explain, in part, the lower protection of an OCV compared with natural infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T01:09:55Z","timestamp":1396314595000},"page":"873-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Immune Responses to O-Specific Polysaccharide and Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Adult Bangladeshi Recipients of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine and Comparison to Responses in Patients with Cholera"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Taher","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amena","family":"Aktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Arifur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Afrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aklima","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Murshid","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atiqur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahima","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraful I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taufiqur Rahman","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan K.","family":"Bufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheduzzaman","family":"Rashu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu-Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina C.","family":"LaRocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richelle C.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavol","family":"Kov\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Calderwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2466","article-title":"Cholera","volume":"379","author":"Harris","year":"2012"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"521","article-title":"The true burden and risk of cholera: implications for prevention and control","volume":"7","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2007"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"4687","article-title":"Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper-recommendations","volume":"28","author":"Anonymous","year":"2010"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"2566","article-title":"Serotype conversion in Vibrio cholerae O1","volume":"89","author":"Stroeher","year":"1992"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun","first-page":"302","article-title":"Occurrence of 2-O-methyl-N-(3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronyl)-D-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-manno-pyranose) in lipopolysaccharide from Ogawa but not from Inaba O forms of O1 Vibrio cholerae","volume":"190","author":"Hisatsune","year":"1993"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"2777","article-title":"On the antigenic determinants of the lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotypes Ogawa and Inaba","volume":"273","author":"Wang","year":"1998"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Carbohydr Res","first-page":"113","article-title":"Identification of a novel sugar, 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-O-methylmannose in the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa","volume":"256","author":"Ito","year":"1994"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"708","article-title":"Shifting prevalence of major diarrheal pathogens in patients seeking hospital care during floods in 1998, 2004, and 2007 in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"79","author":"Harris","year":"2008"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a reformulated Vietnamese bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults","volume":"25","author":"Anh","year":"2007"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e2323","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults and children in a cholera endemic area in Kolkata, India","volume":"3","author":"Mahalanabis","year":"2008"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"8285","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity study of a killed bivalent (O1 and O139) whole-cell oral cholera vaccine Shanchol, in Bangladeshi adults and children as young as 1 year of age","volume":"29","author":"Saha","year":"2011"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a modified killed-whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in India: an interim analysis of a cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"374","author":"Sur","year":"2009"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"6887","article-title":"Immune responses following one and two doses of the reformulated, bivalent, killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine among adults and children in Kolkata, India: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Kanungo","year":"2009"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"883","article-title":"Biotype as determinant of natural immunizing effect of cholera","volume":"337","author":"Clemens","year":"1991"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1289","article-title":"Efficacy of a low-cost, inactivated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine: results from 3 years of follow-up of a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Sur","year":"2011"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"912","article-title":"Natural cholera infection-derived immunity in an endemic setting","volume":"204","author":"Ali","year":"2011"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"818","article-title":"Duration of infection-derived immunity to cholera","volume":"143","author":"Levine","year":"1981"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"709","article-title":"Lack of cross-protection against diarrhea due to Vibrio cholerae O1 after oral immunization of rabbits with V. cholerae O139 Bengal","volume":"169","author":"Albert","year":"1994"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"11388","article-title":"The Vibrio cholerae O139 serogroup antigen includes an O-antigen capsule and lipopolysaccharide virulence determinants","volume":"91","author":"Waldor","year":"1994"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"3571","article-title":"Comparison of immune responses in patients infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1","volume":"65","author":"Qadri","year":"1997"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Bioconjug Chem","first-page":"2179","article-title":"Simple, direct conjugation of bacterial O-SP-core antigens to proteins: development of cholera conjugate vaccines","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2011"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Carbohydr Res","first-page":"43","article-title":"Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O139","volume":"290","author":"Cox","year":"1996"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Carbohydr Res","first-page":"59","article-title":"Structural analysis of the O-antigen-core region of the lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O139","volume":"290","author":"Cox","year":"1996"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Eur J Biochem","first-page":"152","article-title":"The structure of the lipid A-core region of the lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae O1 smooth strain 569B (Inaba) and rough mutant strain 95R (Ogawa)","volume":"233","author":"Vinogradov","year":"1995"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"8722","article-title":"Amino acid addition to Vibrio cholerae LPS establishes a link between surface remodeling in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"109","author":"Hankins","year":"2012"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"1712","article-title":"Comparison of immune responses to the O-specific polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladeshi adult patients with cholera","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"2012"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"780","article-title":"Immune responses to the O-specific polysaccharide antigen in children receiving a killed oral cholera vaccine compared to responses following natural cholera infection in Bangladesh","volume":"20","author":"Leung","year":"2013"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"844","article-title":"Antigen-specific memory B-cell responses in Bangladeshi adults after one- or two-dose oral killed cholera vaccination and comparison with responses in patients with naturally acquired cholera","volume":"18","author":"Alam","year":"2011"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"6077","article-title":"Enterotoxin-specific immunoglobulin E responses in humans after infection or vaccination with diarrhea-causing enteropathogens","volume":"68","author":"Qadri","year":"2000"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Increased levels of inflammatory mediators in children and adults infected with Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139","volume":"9","author":"Qadri","year":"2002"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Cholera toxin-specific memory B cell responses are induced in patients with dehydrating diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae O1","volume":"198","author":"Jayasekera","year":"2008"},{"key":"R32","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"3850","article-title":"Antigen-specific memory B-cell responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 infection in Bangladesh","volume":"77","author":"Harris","year":"2009"},{"key":"R33","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"253","article-title":"Development of immunoglobulin M memory to both a T-cell-independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen following infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh","volume":"78","author":"Kendall","year":"2009"},{"key":"R34","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"685","article-title":"Comparison of the vibriocidal antibody response in cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal with the response in cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O1","volume":"2","author":"Qadri","year":"1995"},{"key":"R35","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"4808","article-title":"Antigen-specific immunoglobulin A antibodies secreted from circulating B cells are an effective marker for recent local immune responses in patients with cholera: comparison to antibody-secreting cell responses and other immunological markers","volume":"71","author":"Qadri","year":"2003"},{"key":"R36","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Robust gut associated vaccine-specific antibody-secreting cell responses are detected at the mucosal surface of Bangladeshi subjects after immunization with an oral killed bivalent V. cholerae O1\/O139 whole cell cholera vaccine: comparison with other mucosal and systemic responses","volume":"27","author":"Shamsuzzaman","year":"2009"},{"key":"R37","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"506","article-title":"Mucosal immunologic responses in cholera patients in Bangladesh","volume":"18","author":"Uddin","year":"2011"},{"key":"R38","series-title":"J Immunol Methods","first-page":"111","article-title":"Tracking human antigen-specific memory B cells: a sensitive and generalized ELISPOT system","volume":"286","author":"Crotty","year":"2004"},{"key":"R39","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"4969","article-title":"Cutting edge: long-term B cell memory in humans after smallpox vaccination","volume":"171","author":"Crotty","year":"2003"},{"key":"R40","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"429","article-title":"Immune response to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin in patients with cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O1 and O0139","volume":"4","author":"Qadri","year":"1997"},{"key":"R41","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"2449","article-title":"IgA antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood after antigen ingestion: evidence for a common mucosal immune system in humans","volume":"84","author":"Czerkinsky","year":"1987"},{"key":"R42","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"696","article-title":"Refractory periods and climate forcing in cholera dynamics","volume":"436","author":"Koelle","year":"2005"},{"key":"R43","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"842","article-title":"Memory B cell responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 lipopolysaccharide are associated with protection against infection from household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"2012"},{"key":"R44","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"690","article-title":"Memory B cell and other immune responses in children receiving two doses of an oral killed cholera vaccine compared to responses following natural cholera infection in Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"Leung","year":"2012"},{"key":"R45","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"236","article-title":"Seroepidemiological studies of El Tor cholera in Bangladesh: association of serum antibody levels with protection","volume":"151","author":"Glass","year":"1985"},{"key":"R46","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"2318","article-title":"Incomplete correlation of serum vibriocidal antibody titer with protection from Vibrio cholerae infection in urban Bangladesh","volume":"189","author":"Saha","year":"2004"},{"key":"R47","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"10","article-title":"Factors influencing secondary vibriocidal immune responses: relevance for understanding immunity to cholera","volume":"64","author":"Losonsky","year":"1996"},{"key":"R48","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e221","article-title":"Susceptibility to Vibrio cholerae infection in a cohort of household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Harris","year":"2008"},{"key":"R49","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Comparison of memory B cell, antibody-secreting cell, and plasma antibody responses in young children, older children, and adults with infection caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa in Bangladesh","volume":"18","author":"Leung","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p873.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p873.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p873.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:26:36Z","timestamp":1723065996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p873.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0498","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]}}}