{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:03:48Z","timestamp":1792260228561,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the nutritional impact of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 205 pre-school (PSC) and 487 school-aged children (SAC) randomly selected from the surveillance registry of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Kibera slum in Kenya. Hemoglobin, iron deficiency (ID), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), inflammation, malaria, anthropometry, and STH ova were measured. Poisson regression models evaluated associations between STH and malnutrition outcomes and controlled for confounders. Approximately 40% of PSC and SAC had STH infection, primarily <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>; 2.9% of PSC and 1.1% of SAC had high-intensity infection. Malnutrition prevalence among PSC and SAC was anemia (38.3% and 14.0%, respectively), ID (23.0% and 5.0%, respectively), VAD (16.9% and 4.5%, respectively), and stunting (29.7% and 16.9%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, STH in PSC was associated with VAD (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.1\u20134.6) and ID (PR = 3.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.6\u20136.6) but not anemia or stunting. No associations were significant in SAC. Integrated deworming and micronutrient supplementation strategies should be evaluated in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T04:51:49Z","timestamp":1387255909000},"page":"299-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection and Nutritional Status Among Urban Slum Children in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Parminder S.","family":"Suchdev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monina","family":"Bartoces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laird J.","family":"Ruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Worrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Kanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy","family":"Odero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy M.","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LeAnne M.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R1","series-title":"Matern Child Nutr","first-page":"118","article-title":"A review and meta-analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition","volume":"4","author":"Hall","year":"2008"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"Bethony","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e102","article-title":"Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria","volume":"3","author":"Hotez","year":"2006"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis","author":"WHO","year":"2006"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Nutr","first-page":"348","article-title":"Low dose daily iron supplementation improves iron status and appetite but not anemia, whereas quarterly anthelminthic treatment improves growth, appetite and anemia in Zanzibari preschool children","volume":"134","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"2004"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e223","article-title":"Effects of deworming on malnourished preschool children in India: an open-labeled, cluster-randomized trial","volume":"2","author":"Awasthi","year":"2008"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1582","article-title":"A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: the problem of helminthiases","volume":"6","author":"Lustigman","year":"2012"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements","author":"UN-Habitat","year":"2003"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e126","article-title":"Controlling soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pre-school-age children through preventive chemotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Albonico","year":"2008"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"391","article-title":"Assessing parents' knowledge and attitudes towards seasonal influenza vaccination of children before and after a seasonal influenza vaccination effectiveness study in low-income urban and rural Kenya, 2010\u20132011","volume":"13","author":"Oria","year":"2013"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e16085","article-title":"The burden of common infectious disease syndromes at the clinic and household level from population-based surveillance in rural and urban Kenya","volume":"6","author":"Feikin","year":"2011"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Selling Sprinkles micronutrient powder reduces anemia, iron deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency in young children in Western Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"95","author":"Suchdev","year":"2012"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. 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