{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:22:15Z","timestamp":1791210135066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is frequent in Africa, because it confers resistance to <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria; however, the nature of the protection and the genotypes associated with it have been controversial. In 1972, Bienzle and others described protection from malaria in West African females heterozygous for G6PD A-. They determined that G6PD A- heterozygotes had lower parasite counts than A- homozygotes, hemizygous males, and normal individuals. However, other studies have reached different conclusions about the protective genotypes. DNA samples from 135 children with severe malaria and 146 children with mild malaria from The Gambia were genotyped for the G6PD A- mutation that is most frequent among Gambians (<jats:italic>G6PD<\/jats:italic> 968 T-&gt;C); there was a marked deficiency of heterozygotes and an excess of homozygotes with severe malaria, producing a strong deviation from Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium. Our results support the protective effect in G6PD A- heterozygous females and suggest that homozygotes might be more susceptible to severe malaria attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T03:17:37Z","timestamp":1394507857000},"page":"856-859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["G6PD A- Deficiency and Severe Malaria in The Gambia: Heterozygote Advantage and Possible Homozygote Disadvantage"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Sirugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene M.","family":"Predazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelaine","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Tacconelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1001339","article-title":"G6PD deficiency prevalence and estimates of affected populations in malaria endemic countries: a geostatistical model-based map","volume":"9","author":"Howes","year":"2012"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Heredity (Edinb)","first-page":"456","article-title":"G6PD deficiency and malaria selection","volume":"108","author":"Luzzatto","year":"2012"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Science","first-page":"455","article-title":"Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: recent origin of alleles that confer malarial resistance","volume":"293","author":"Tishkoff","year":"2001"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"107","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malaria. Greater resistance of females heterozygous for enzyme deficiency and of males with non-deficient variant","volume":"1","author":"Bienzle","year":"1972"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e66","article-title":"X-linked G6PD deficiency protects hemizygous males but not heterozygous females against severe malaria","volume":"4","author":"Guindo","year":"2007"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"246","article-title":"Natural selection of hemi- and heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistance to severe malaria","volume":"376","author":"Ruwende","year":"1995"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Hematol","first-page":"436","article-title":"Reassessing an old claim: natural selection of hemi- and heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistance to severe malaria","volume":"88","author":"Sirugo","year":"2013"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Am J Hum Genet","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparison of GdA and GdB activities in Nigerians. A study of the variation of the G6PD activity","volume":"29","author":"Battistuzzi","year":"1977"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"East Afr Med J","first-page":"42","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and activity of erythrocyte G6PD variants in a homogeneous Nigerian population","volume":"79","author":"Ademowo","year":"2002"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"119","article-title":"Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and pyruvate kinase activity in a Nigerian population","volume":"5","author":"May","year":"2000"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2550","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase A-","volume":"74","author":"Beutler","year":"1989"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1498","article-title":"A single mutation 202G>A in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (G6PD) can cause acute hemolysis by itself","volume":"99","author":"Hirono","year":"2002"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Haematologica","first-page":"262","article-title":"The role of the G6PD AEth376G\/968C allele in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the seerer population of Senegal","volume":"91","author":"De Araujo","year":"2006"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Eur J Hum Genet","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Allelic heterogeneity of G6PD deficiency in West Africa and severe malaria susceptibility","volume":"17","author":"Clark","year":"2009"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1002579","article-title":"HMOX1 gene promoter alleles and high HO-1 levels are associated with severe malaria in Gambian children","volume":"8","author":"Walther","year":"2012"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis","first-page":"249","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Portugal: biochemical and mutational profiles, heterogeneity, and haplotype association","volume":"28","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p856.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p856.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p856.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:26:19Z","timestamp":1723065979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/90\/5\/article-p856.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]}}}