{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:59:09Z","timestamp":1791655149050,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 1997 and 2009 WHO dengue case classifications were compared in a systematic review with 12 eligible studies (4 prospective). Ten expert opinion articles were used for discussion. For the 2009 WHO classification studies show: when determining severe dengue sensitivity ranges between 59\u201398% (88%\/98%: prospective studies), specificity between 41\u201399% (99%: prospective study) - comparing the 1997 WHO classification: sensitivity 24.8\u201389.9% (24.8%\/74%: prospective studies), specificity: 25%\/100% (100%: prospective study). The application of the 2009 WHO classification is easy, however for (non-severe) dengue there may be a risk of monitoring increased case numbers. Warning signs validation studies are needed. For epidemiological\/pathogenesis research use of the 2009 WHO classification, opinion papers show that ease of application, increased sensitivity (severe dengue) and international comparability are advantageous; 3 severe dengue criteria (severe plasma leakage, severe bleeding, severe organ manifestation) are useful research endpoints. The 2009 WHO classification has clear advantages for clinical use, use in epidemiology is promising and research use may at least not be a disadvantage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T02:03:11Z","timestamp":1403575391000},"page":"621-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Comparing the Usefulness of the 1997 and 2009 WHO Dengue Case Classification: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Olaf","family":"Horstick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jaenisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy Lum Chai","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Runge","family":"Ranzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Dengue: Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Classifying dengue: a review of the difficulties in using the WHO case classification for dengue haemorrhagic fever","volume":"11","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2006"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","author":"WHO","year":"1997"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"936","article-title":"Multicentre prospective study on dengue classification in four South-east Asian and three Latin American countries","volume":"16","author":"Alexander","year":"2011"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2320","article-title":"Dengue research funded by the European Commission\u2013scientific strategies of three European dengue research consortia","volume":"12","author":"Jaenisch","year":"2013"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Report for Undertaking Systematic Reviews of Research on Effectiveness","author":"York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination","year":"2001"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Pathog Glob Health","first-page":"94","article-title":"Reviewing the development, evidence base, and application of the revised dengue case classification","volume":"106","author":"Horstick","year":"2012"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Handbook on Dengue Clinical Management","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"106","article-title":"Usefulness and applicability of the revised dengue case classification by disease: multi-centre study in 18 countries","volume":"11","author":"Barniol","year":"2011"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Application of revised dengue classification criteria as a severity marker of dengue viral infection in Indonesia","volume":"41","author":"Basuki","year":"2010"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"645","article-title":"Evaluation of the WHO revised criteria for classification of clinical disease severity in acute adult dengue infection","volume":"5","author":"Jayaratne","year":"2012"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"5","article-title":"Accuracy and applicability of the revised WHO classification (2009) of dengue in children seen at a tertiary healthcare facility in northern India","volume":"2013","author":"Prasad","year":"2013"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"224","article-title":"Evaluation of the NS1 rapid test and the WHO dengue classification schemes for use as bedside diagnosis of acute dengue fever in adults","volume":"84","author":"Chaterji","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"R15","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"S74","article-title":"Dengue classification: current WHO vs. the newly suggested classification for better clinical application?","volume":"94","author":"Kalayanarooj","year":"2011"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1397","article-title":"Evaluation of the traditional and revised WHO classifications of dengue disease severity","volume":"5","author":"Narvaez","year":"2011"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e60946","article-title":"Implications of discordance in World Health Organization 1997 and 2009 dengue classifications in adult dengue","volume":"8","author":"Gan","year":"2013"},{"key":"R18","article-title":"Utility of the 2009 WHO dengue guidelines for the early detection of life-threating cases during an outbreak in Iquitos, Peru","author":"Siles","year":"2013"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect","first-page":"27","article-title":"Comparisons of dengue illness classified based on the 1997 and 2009 World Health Organization dengue classification schemes","volume":"2012","author":"Tsai","year":"2012"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2023","article-title":"Utilities and limitations of the World Health Organization 2009 warning signs for adult dengue severity","volume":"7","author":"Thein","year":"2013"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"166","article-title":"Evaluation of the 2009 WHO dengue case classification in an Indonesian pediatric cohort","volume":"86","author":"Van de Weg","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R22","series-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health","first-page":"33","article-title":"The revised WHO dengue case classification: does the system need to be modified?","volume":"32","author":"Hadinegoro","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R23","series-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health","first-page":"5","article-title":"Controversies in dengue pathogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Halstead","year":"2012"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"212","article-title":"Dengue: the syndromic basis to pathogenesis research. Inutility of the 2009 WHO case definition","volume":"88","author":"Halstead","year":"2013"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Pathog Glob Health","first-page":"94","article-title":"Reviewing the development, evidence base, and application of the revised dengue case classification","volume":"106","author":"Horstick","year":"2012"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"J Formos Med Assoc","first-page":"61","article-title":"Classification of dengue: the clinical use of World Health Organization 2009 guideline","volume":"112","author":"Lin","year":"2013"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"563","article-title":"Dengue\u2013how best to classify it","volume":"53","author":"Srikiatkhachorn","year":"2011"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1820","article-title":"Regarding \u201cDengue\u2013how best to classify it.\u201d","volume":"54","author":"Akbar","year":"2012"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"198","article-title":"\u201cDogma in classifying dengue disease\u201d (Counterpoint to Perspective by Dr Scott Halstead, Feb 2013)","volume":"89","author":"Farrar","year":"2013"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Letter in response to \u201cUtilities and Limitations of the World Health Organization 2009 Warning Signs for Adult Dengue Severity.\u201d","author":"Horstick","year":"2013"},{"key":"R31","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"9","article-title":"Accuracy and applicability of the revised WHO classification (2009) of dengue","volume":"2013","author":"Wiwanitkit","year":"2013"},{"key":"R32","series-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries","first-page":"150","article-title":"Assessment of World Health Organization definition of dengue hemorrhagic fever in North India","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2010"},{"key":"R33","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Dengue hemorrhagic fever: the sensitivity and specificity of the world health organization definition for identification of severe cases of dengue in Thailand, 1994\u20132005","volume":"50","author":"Srikiatkhachorn","year":"2010"},{"key":"R34","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Dengue in travellers: applicability of the 1975\u20131997 and the 2009 WHO classification system of dengue fever","volume":"17","author":"Wieten","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p621.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p621.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p621.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T17:15:04Z","timestamp":1723050904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p621.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]}}}