{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:23:43Z","timestamp":1791285823905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, the body louse is the only recognized vector of <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>, an organism that causes trench fever. In this work, we investigated the prevalence of this bacterium in human lice in different African countries. We tested 616 head lice and 424 body lice from nine African countries using real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting <jats:italic>intergenic spacer region 2<\/jats:italic> and specific <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> genes. Overall, <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA was found in 54% and 2% of body and head lice, respectively. Our results also show that there are more body lice positive for <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> in poor countries, which was determined by the gross domestic product, than in wealthy areas (228\/403 versus 0\/21, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). A similar finding was obtained for head lice (8\/226 versus 2\/390, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). Our findings suggest that head lice in Africa may be infected by <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> when patients live in poor economic conditions and are also exposed to body lice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T04:06:43Z","timestamp":1402978003000},"page":"294-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Detection of Bartonella quintana in African Body and Head Lice"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Abdoul Karim","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Boutellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezak","family":"Drali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Socolovschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Diatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Rogier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Marie","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ogobara K.","family":"Doumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Phylogeny and classification, origins, and evolution of host associations of lice","volume":"24","author":"Barker","year":"1994"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol","first-page":"1203","article-title":"What's in a name: the taxonomic status of human head and body lice","volume":"47","author":"Light","year":"2008"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"332","article-title":"Human louse-transmitted infectious diseases","volume":"18","author":"Badiaga","year":"2012"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"80","article-title":"The biology of Pediculus humanus","volume":"10","author":"Nuttall","year":"1917"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 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