{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:35:30Z","timestamp":1793216130310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Simple, efficient, and cost-effective strategies are needed for urine sample preparation in the field diagnosis of infection with <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated inexpensive and widely available paper products (paper towels, school workbook paper, and newspaper) to gravity-filter urine containing 60 eggs\/mL of <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>. Eggs were reliably visualized by light microscopy by using single-ply paper towels as urine filters. This filtration method has broad applicability in clinical and public health settings in resource-constrained environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T14:09:52Z","timestamp":1404223792000},"page":"544-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ultra\u2013Low-Cost Urine Filtration for Schistosoma haematobium Diagnosis: A Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Richard K. D.","family":"Ephraim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Duah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac I.","family":"Bogoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"411","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"125","article-title":"Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"86","author":"Van der Werf","year":"2003"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"361","article-title":"Urinary tract morbidity in schistosomiasis haematobia: associations with age and intensity of infection in an endemic area of Coast Province, Kenya","volume":"39","author":"King","year":"1988"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2643","article-title":"The impact of schistosomiasis on the pathology of bladder carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"El-Bolkainy","year":"1981"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases","volume":"118","author":"Hotez","year":"2008"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e64380","article-title":"Scope and limits of an anamnestic questionnaire in a control-induced low-endemicity helminthiasis setting in south-central C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","volume":"8","author":"F\u00fcrst","year":"2013"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"14","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection after three years of mass drug administration in Sierra Leone","volume":"7","author":"Sesay","year":"2014"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"74","article-title":"The significance of proteinuria and haematuria in Schistosoma haematobium infection","volume":"73","author":"Wilkins","year":"1979"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Relation between intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection and clinical haematuria and proteinuria","volume":"1","author":"Mott","year":"1983"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Simple questionnaire and urine reagent strips compared to microscopy for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium in a community in northern Ghana","volume":"17","author":"Bogoch","year":"2012"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Parasite","first-page":"69","article-title":"Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Ayele","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1384","article-title":"Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) test for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in different settings of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","volume":"5","author":"Coulibaly","year":"2011"},{"issue":"i\u2013vi","key":"R14","series-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis","volume":"912","author":"WHO Expert Committee","year":"2002"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2681","article-title":"Efficacy of new low-cost filtration device for recovering Schistosoma haematobium eggs from urine","volume":"39","author":"Gyorkos","year":"2001"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"949","article-title":"Field evaluation of the Meade Readiview handheld microscope for diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan school children","volume":"73","author":"Stothard","year":"2005"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"626","article-title":"Mobile phone microscopy for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"88","author":"Bogoch","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p544.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p544.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p544.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:15:32Z","timestamp":1723065332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/3\/article-p544.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]}}}