{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:18:55Z","timestamp":1757452735689},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chloroquine (CQ) has been used for malaria treatment in Haiti for several decades, but reports of CQ resistance are scarce. The efficacy of CQ in patients with uncomplicated <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> undergoing treatment in Haiti was evaluated. Malaria patients were enrolled, treated with CQ, and monitored over a 42-day period. The treatment outcomes were evaluated on day 28 by microscopy. The <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> slide-confirmed rate was 9.5% (121 of 1,277). Malaria infection was seasonal, with peak observations between October and January; 88% (107 of 121) of patients consented to participate. Sixty patients successfully completed the 42-day follow-up, whereas 47 patients withdrew consent or were lost to follow-up. The mean parasite density declined rapidly within the first few days after treatment. Seven patients did not clear their malaria infections and were clinically asymptomatic; therefore, they were considered late parasitological failures. About 90% (95% confidence interval = 84.20\u201397.90) of patients had no detectable parasitemia by day 28 and remained malaria-free to day 42. Testing for recrudescence, reinfection, and CQ serum levels was not done in the seven patients, and therefore, their CQ resistance status is unresolved. CQ resistance surveillance by patient follow-up, in vitro drug sensitivity studies, and molecular markers is urgently needed in Haiti.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T03:28:02Z","timestamp":1421724482000},"page":"541-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of Chloroquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti After Many Decades of Its Use"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Bernard A.","family":"Okech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Existe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean R.","family":"Romain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gladys","family":"Memnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves Saint","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madsen Beau de","family":"Rochars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Plan Strategique National de lutte Contre la malaria - Ministere de la Sante Publique et de la Population Haiti (Coordination des programmes nationaux de malaria et filariose lymphatique)","first-page":"54","author":"MSPP","year":"2009"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2012","author":"WHO","key":"R2"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Sante","first-page":"201","article-title":"Malaria in Haiti today","volume":"14","author":"Raccurt","year":"2004"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Bull Pan Am Health Organ","first-page":"9","article-title":"Malaria in central Haiti: a hospital-based retrospective study, 1982\u20131986 and 1988\u20131991","volume":"28","author":"Bonnlander","year":"1994"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"459","article-title":"Monitoring of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti, 1981\u20131983","volume":"35","author":"Duverseau","year":"1986"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti","volume":"61","author":"Magloire","year":"1983"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"735","article-title":"Chloroquine-resistant haplotype Plasmodium falciparum parasites, Haiti","volume":"15","author":"Londono","year":"2009"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1346","article-title":"Chloroquine-resistant malaria in travelers returning from Haiti after 2010 earthquake","volume":"18","author":"Gharbi","year":"2012"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Practical Guide for In Vivo Antimalarial Drug Efficacy Studies in the Americas","first-page":"23","author":"PAHO","year":"2003"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Assessment and Monitoring of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria","author":"WHO","key":"R10"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"426","article-title":"Survey of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 and chloroquine resistance transporter alleles in Haiti","volume":"12","author":"Elbadry","year":"2013"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"850","article-title":"Efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Honduras","volume":"88","author":"Mejia Torres","year":"2013"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"391","article-title":"Practical aspects of in vivo antimalarial drug efficacy testing in the Americas","volume":"68","author":"Ruebush","year":"2003"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"770","article-title":"Chloroquine-resistant malaria","volume":"184","author":"Wellems","year":"2001"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"218","article-title":"Intensity of malaria transmission and the evolution of drug resistance","volume":"94","author":"Hastings","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/92\/3\/article-p541.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/92\/3\/article-p541.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/92\/3\/article-p541.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:27:56Z","timestamp":1723058876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/92\/3\/article-p541.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]}}}